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Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods

Long-term application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer adversely degrades soil and decreases crop yield. Biochar amendment with N fertilizer not only can increase yield but also can improve the soil. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of biochar doses with N fertilizer on maiz...

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Autores principales: Wang, Lei, Leghari, Shah Jahan, Wu, Jiajun, Wang, Na, Pang, Min, Jin, Liang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1230023
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author Wang, Lei
Leghari, Shah Jahan
Wu, Jiajun
Wang, Na
Pang, Min
Jin, Liang
author_facet Wang, Lei
Leghari, Shah Jahan
Wu, Jiajun
Wang, Na
Pang, Min
Jin, Liang
author_sort Wang, Lei
collection PubMed
description Long-term application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer adversely degrades soil and decreases crop yield. Biochar amendment with N fertilizer not only can increase yield but also can improve the soil. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of biochar doses with N fertilizer on maize yield and soil N and water dynamics under border irrigation (BI) and drip irrigation (DI) methods. Treatments were 260 kg N ha(−1) without biochar addition and combined with low, medium, and high doses of biochar, namely, 15.5 t ha(−1), 30.7 t ha(−1), and 45.3 t ha(−1) (NB(0), NB(1), NB(2), and NB(3)), respectively. The biochar doses and irrigation methods significantly (p < 0.05) increased maize growth and yield characteristics, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE) and enhanced the soil properties. In the BI and DI method, the NB(1), NB(2), and NB(3) treatments increased yield by 4.96%–6.10%, 8.36%–9.85%, and 9.65%–11.41%, respectively, compared to NB(0). In terms of IWUE and FNUE, the non-biochar treatment had lower IWUE and FNUE compared to biochar combined with N fertilizer treatments under both BI and DI methods. In the BI method, the IWUE in NB(2) and NB(3) ranged from 3.36 to 3.43 kg kg(−1), and in DI, it was maximum, ranging from 5.70 to 5.94 kg kg(−1). Similarly, these medium and high doses of biochar increased the FNUE of maize. The FNUEs in NB(2) and NB(3) under BI ranged from 38.72 to 38.95 kg kg(−1) and from 38.89 to 39.58 kg kg(−1), while FNUEs of these same treatments under DI ranged from 48.26 to 49.58 kg kg(−1) and from 48.92 to 50.28 kg kg(−1). The effect of biochar was more obvious in DI as compared to the BI method because soil water content (SWC) and soil N concentrations (SNCs) were higher at rhizosphere soil layers under DI. Biochar improved SWC and SNC at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers and decreased below 60-cm soil layers. In contrast, despite biochar-controlled SWC and SNCs, still, values of these parameters were higher in deeper soil layers. In the BI method, the SNCs were higher at 60–80 cm and 80–100 cm compared to the top and middle soil layers. Depth-wise results of SNC demonstrated that the biochar’s ability to store SNC was further enhanced in the DI method. Moreover, biochar increased soil organic matter (OM) and soil aggregate stability and maintained pH. The NB(0) treatment increased soil OM by 11.11%–14.60%, NB(2) by 14.29%–19.42%, and NB(3) by 21.98%–23.78% in both irrigation methods. This increased OM resulted in improved average soil aggregates stability by 2.45%–11.71% and 4.52%–14.66% in the BI and DI method, respectively. The results of our study revealed that combined application of N fertilizer with a medium dose of biochar under the DI method would be the best management practice, which will significantly increase crop yield, improve SWC, enrich SNC and OM, improve soil structure, and maintain pH.
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spelling pubmed-105118802023-09-22 Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods Wang, Lei Leghari, Shah Jahan Wu, Jiajun Wang, Na Pang, Min Jin, Liang Front Plant Sci Plant Science Long-term application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer adversely degrades soil and decreases crop yield. Biochar amendment with N fertilizer not only can increase yield but also can improve the soil. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of biochar doses with N fertilizer on maize yield and soil N and water dynamics under border irrigation (BI) and drip irrigation (DI) methods. Treatments were 260 kg N ha(−1) without biochar addition and combined with low, medium, and high doses of biochar, namely, 15.5 t ha(−1), 30.7 t ha(−1), and 45.3 t ha(−1) (NB(0), NB(1), NB(2), and NB(3)), respectively. The biochar doses and irrigation methods significantly (p < 0.05) increased maize growth and yield characteristics, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE) and enhanced the soil properties. In the BI and DI method, the NB(1), NB(2), and NB(3) treatments increased yield by 4.96%–6.10%, 8.36%–9.85%, and 9.65%–11.41%, respectively, compared to NB(0). In terms of IWUE and FNUE, the non-biochar treatment had lower IWUE and FNUE compared to biochar combined with N fertilizer treatments under both BI and DI methods. In the BI method, the IWUE in NB(2) and NB(3) ranged from 3.36 to 3.43 kg kg(−1), and in DI, it was maximum, ranging from 5.70 to 5.94 kg kg(−1). Similarly, these medium and high doses of biochar increased the FNUE of maize. The FNUEs in NB(2) and NB(3) under BI ranged from 38.72 to 38.95 kg kg(−1) and from 38.89 to 39.58 kg kg(−1), while FNUEs of these same treatments under DI ranged from 48.26 to 49.58 kg kg(−1) and from 48.92 to 50.28 kg kg(−1). The effect of biochar was more obvious in DI as compared to the BI method because soil water content (SWC) and soil N concentrations (SNCs) were higher at rhizosphere soil layers under DI. Biochar improved SWC and SNC at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers and decreased below 60-cm soil layers. In contrast, despite biochar-controlled SWC and SNCs, still, values of these parameters were higher in deeper soil layers. In the BI method, the SNCs were higher at 60–80 cm and 80–100 cm compared to the top and middle soil layers. Depth-wise results of SNC demonstrated that the biochar’s ability to store SNC was further enhanced in the DI method. Moreover, biochar increased soil organic matter (OM) and soil aggregate stability and maintained pH. The NB(0) treatment increased soil OM by 11.11%–14.60%, NB(2) by 14.29%–19.42%, and NB(3) by 21.98%–23.78% in both irrigation methods. This increased OM resulted in improved average soil aggregates stability by 2.45%–11.71% and 4.52%–14.66% in the BI and DI method, respectively. The results of our study revealed that combined application of N fertilizer with a medium dose of biochar under the DI method would be the best management practice, which will significantly increase crop yield, improve SWC, enrich SNC and OM, improve soil structure, and maintain pH. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10511880/ /pubmed/37746008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1230023 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wang, Leghari, Wu, Wang, Pang and Jin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Wang, Lei
Leghari, Shah Jahan
Wu, Jiajun
Wang, Na
Pang, Min
Jin, Liang
Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
title Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
title_full Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
title_fullStr Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
title_full_unstemmed Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
title_short Interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
title_sort interactive effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer on water and nitrogen dynamics, soil properties and maize yield under different irrigation methods
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1230023
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