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Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, yet the within-host dynamics of C. albicans infection are not clear. While C. albicans is commonly diploid, it exhibits a range of ploidies, including tetraploidy. Previous work found that tetraploid C. albicans populations exhibited ra...

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Autores principales: Smith, Amanda C., Rizvi, Hassan, Hickman, Meleah A., Morran, Levi T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512209/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746173
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.903135
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author Smith, Amanda C.
Rizvi, Hassan
Hickman, Meleah A.
Morran, Levi T.
author_facet Smith, Amanda C.
Rizvi, Hassan
Hickman, Meleah A.
Morran, Levi T.
author_sort Smith, Amanda C.
collection PubMed
description Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, yet the within-host dynamics of C. albicans infection are not clear. While C. albicans is commonly diploid, it exhibits a range of ploidies, including tetraploidy. Previous work found that tetraploid C. albicans populations exhibited rapid adaptation and significant genome instability when evolved in vitro. Host immune function alters the rate and magnitude of C. albicans virulence evolution, but the effects of the host immunity on tetraploid C. albicans populations are unclear. Here, we tested the effects of the host immunity on genome stability and virulence evolution of tetraploid C. albicans using experimental evolution. We selected for C. albicans increased virulence within either immunocompetent or immunocompromised Caenorhabditis elegans hosts. After nine passages we observed a response to selection for increased virulence. Both populations exposed to either immunocompetent or immunocompromised hosts increased virulence after passage through C. elegans hosts. However, the C. albicans populations passaged through immunocompetent hosts under selection exhibited unique temporal dynamics, a rapid increase in virulence and then subsequent loss of virulence. Most C. albicans populations exhibited genome size reduction within six passages, however populations exposed to immunocompetent hosts exhibited the most rapid transition to ~diploid. Therefore, we found that tetraploids rapidly increase in virulence and decrease genome size within host environments. Further, the combination of selection for greater virulence in the presence of immunocompetent hosts results in major virulence fluctuations and genome size changes. Thus, host immunity significantly impacts the evolutionary trajectories of tetraploid C. albicans.
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spelling pubmed-105122092023-09-22 Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts Smith, Amanda C. Rizvi, Hassan Hickman, Meleah A. Morran, Levi T. Front Fungal Biol Fungal Biology Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, yet the within-host dynamics of C. albicans infection are not clear. While C. albicans is commonly diploid, it exhibits a range of ploidies, including tetraploidy. Previous work found that tetraploid C. albicans populations exhibited rapid adaptation and significant genome instability when evolved in vitro. Host immune function alters the rate and magnitude of C. albicans virulence evolution, but the effects of the host immunity on tetraploid C. albicans populations are unclear. Here, we tested the effects of the host immunity on genome stability and virulence evolution of tetraploid C. albicans using experimental evolution. We selected for C. albicans increased virulence within either immunocompetent or immunocompromised Caenorhabditis elegans hosts. After nine passages we observed a response to selection for increased virulence. Both populations exposed to either immunocompetent or immunocompromised hosts increased virulence after passage through C. elegans hosts. However, the C. albicans populations passaged through immunocompetent hosts under selection exhibited unique temporal dynamics, a rapid increase in virulence and then subsequent loss of virulence. Most C. albicans populations exhibited genome size reduction within six passages, however populations exposed to immunocompetent hosts exhibited the most rapid transition to ~diploid. Therefore, we found that tetraploids rapidly increase in virulence and decrease genome size within host environments. Further, the combination of selection for greater virulence in the presence of immunocompetent hosts results in major virulence fluctuations and genome size changes. Thus, host immunity significantly impacts the evolutionary trajectories of tetraploid C. albicans. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10512209/ /pubmed/37746173 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.903135 Text en Copyright © 2022 Smith, Rizvi, Hickman and Morran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Fungal Biology
Smith, Amanda C.
Rizvi, Hassan
Hickman, Meleah A.
Morran, Levi T.
Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts
title Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts
title_full Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts
title_fullStr Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts
title_full_unstemmed Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts
title_short Increased Virulence and Large-Scale Reduction in Genome Size of Tetraploid Candida albicans Evolved in Nematode Hosts
title_sort increased virulence and large-scale reduction in genome size of tetraploid candida albicans evolved in nematode hosts
topic Fungal Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512209/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746173
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.903135
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