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Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch

Increased drought combined with emerging pathogens poses an increased threat to forest health. This is attributable to the unpredictable behaviour of forest pathosystems, which can favour fungal pathogens over the host under persistent drought stress conditions. Diplodia sapinea (≡ Sphaeropsis sapin...

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Autores principales: Blumenstein, Kathrin, Bußkamp, Johanna, Langer, Gitta Jutta, Terhonen, Eeva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746207
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.939007
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author Blumenstein, Kathrin
Bußkamp, Johanna
Langer, Gitta Jutta
Terhonen, Eeva
author_facet Blumenstein, Kathrin
Bußkamp, Johanna
Langer, Gitta Jutta
Terhonen, Eeva
author_sort Blumenstein, Kathrin
collection PubMed
description Increased drought combined with emerging pathogens poses an increased threat to forest health. This is attributable to the unpredictable behaviour of forest pathosystems, which can favour fungal pathogens over the host under persistent drought stress conditions. Diplodia sapinea (≡ Sphaeropsis sapinea) is one of the most severe pathogens in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) causing Diplodia tip blight (conifer blight) under certain environmental conditions. Recently, the fungus has also been isolated from non-conifer hosts, indicating that it has a broader host range than previously known. In this study we compared the impact of different levels of water availability on necrosis length caused by D. sapinea strains isolated as endophytes (eight strains isolated from asymptomatic Scots pine) and pathogens (five strains isolated from symptomatic Scots pine) and five strains isolated from symptomatic non-pine hosts. For all strains the decreased water availability increased the necrosis length in Scots pine shoots. The isolates from non-pine hosts caused the most severe reactions under all water availabilities. The results of the study indicate the likelihood that effects of climatic changes such as drought will drive D. sapinea damage in Scots pine-dominated forests and increase mortality rates in affected trees. Further, the higher necrosis in the Scots pines caused by strains that had performed a host switch are concerning with regard to future scenarios thus increasing infection pressure on Scots pine from unknown sources.
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spelling pubmed-105123002023-09-22 Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch Blumenstein, Kathrin Bußkamp, Johanna Langer, Gitta Jutta Terhonen, Eeva Front Fungal Biol Fungal Biology Increased drought combined with emerging pathogens poses an increased threat to forest health. This is attributable to the unpredictable behaviour of forest pathosystems, which can favour fungal pathogens over the host under persistent drought stress conditions. Diplodia sapinea (≡ Sphaeropsis sapinea) is one of the most severe pathogens in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) causing Diplodia tip blight (conifer blight) under certain environmental conditions. Recently, the fungus has also been isolated from non-conifer hosts, indicating that it has a broader host range than previously known. In this study we compared the impact of different levels of water availability on necrosis length caused by D. sapinea strains isolated as endophytes (eight strains isolated from asymptomatic Scots pine) and pathogens (five strains isolated from symptomatic Scots pine) and five strains isolated from symptomatic non-pine hosts. For all strains the decreased water availability increased the necrosis length in Scots pine shoots. The isolates from non-pine hosts caused the most severe reactions under all water availabilities. The results of the study indicate the likelihood that effects of climatic changes such as drought will drive D. sapinea damage in Scots pine-dominated forests and increase mortality rates in affected trees. Further, the higher necrosis in the Scots pines caused by strains that had performed a host switch are concerning with regard to future scenarios thus increasing infection pressure on Scots pine from unknown sources. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10512300/ /pubmed/37746207 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.939007 Text en Copyright © 2022 Blumenstein, Bußkamp, Langer and Terhonen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Fungal Biology
Blumenstein, Kathrin
Bußkamp, Johanna
Langer, Gitta Jutta
Terhonen, Eeva
Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
title Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
title_full Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
title_fullStr Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
title_full_unstemmed Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
title_short Diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
title_sort diplodia tip blight pathogen’s virulence empowered through host switch
topic Fungal Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746207
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2022.939007
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