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A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction

Anaerobic fungi are a potential biotechnology platform to produce biomass-degrading enzymes. Unlike model fungi such as yeasts, stress responses that are relevant during bioprocessing have not yet been established for anaerobic fungi. In this work, we characterize both the heat shock and unfolded pr...

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Autores principales: Swift, Candice L., Malinov, Nikola G., Mondo, Stephen J., Salamov, Asaf, Grigoriev, Igor V., O'Malley, Michelle A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37744151
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2021.708358
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author Swift, Candice L.
Malinov, Nikola G.
Mondo, Stephen J.
Salamov, Asaf
Grigoriev, Igor V.
O'Malley, Michelle A.
author_facet Swift, Candice L.
Malinov, Nikola G.
Mondo, Stephen J.
Salamov, Asaf
Grigoriev, Igor V.
O'Malley, Michelle A.
author_sort Swift, Candice L.
collection PubMed
description Anaerobic fungi are a potential biotechnology platform to produce biomass-degrading enzymes. Unlike model fungi such as yeasts, stress responses that are relevant during bioprocessing have not yet been established for anaerobic fungi. In this work, we characterize both the heat shock and unfolded protein responses of four strains of anaerobic fungi (Anaeromyces robustus, Caecomyces churrovis, Neocallimastix californiae, and Piromyces finnis). The inositol-requiring 1 (Ire1) stress sensor, which typically initiates the fungal UPR, was conserved in all four genomes. However, these genomes also encode putative transmembrane kinases with catalytic domains that are similar to the metazoan stress-sensing enzyme PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), although whether they function in the UPR of anaerobic fungi remains unclear. Furthermore, we characterized the global transcriptional responses of Anaeromyces robustus and Neocallimastix californiae to a transient heat shock. Both fungi exhibited the hallmarks of ER stress, including upregulation of genes with functions in protein folding, ER-associated degradation, and intracellular protein trafficking. Relative to other fungi, the genomes of Neocallimastigomycetes contained the greatest gene percentage of HSP20 and HSP70 chaperones, which may serve to stabilize their asparagine-rich genomes. Taken together, these results delineate the unique stress response of anaerobic fungi, which is an important step toward their development as a biotechnology platform to produce enzymes and valuable biomolecules.
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spelling pubmed-105123422023-09-22 A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction Swift, Candice L. Malinov, Nikola G. Mondo, Stephen J. Salamov, Asaf Grigoriev, Igor V. O'Malley, Michelle A. Front Fungal Biol Fungal Biology Anaerobic fungi are a potential biotechnology platform to produce biomass-degrading enzymes. Unlike model fungi such as yeasts, stress responses that are relevant during bioprocessing have not yet been established for anaerobic fungi. In this work, we characterize both the heat shock and unfolded protein responses of four strains of anaerobic fungi (Anaeromyces robustus, Caecomyces churrovis, Neocallimastix californiae, and Piromyces finnis). The inositol-requiring 1 (Ire1) stress sensor, which typically initiates the fungal UPR, was conserved in all four genomes. However, these genomes also encode putative transmembrane kinases with catalytic domains that are similar to the metazoan stress-sensing enzyme PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), although whether they function in the UPR of anaerobic fungi remains unclear. Furthermore, we characterized the global transcriptional responses of Anaeromyces robustus and Neocallimastix californiae to a transient heat shock. Both fungi exhibited the hallmarks of ER stress, including upregulation of genes with functions in protein folding, ER-associated degradation, and intracellular protein trafficking. Relative to other fungi, the genomes of Neocallimastigomycetes contained the greatest gene percentage of HSP20 and HSP70 chaperones, which may serve to stabilize their asparagine-rich genomes. Taken together, these results delineate the unique stress response of anaerobic fungi, which is an important step toward their development as a biotechnology platform to produce enzymes and valuable biomolecules. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10512342/ /pubmed/37744151 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2021.708358 Text en Copyright © 2021 Swift, Malinov, Mondo, Salamov, Grigoriev and O'Malley. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Fungal Biology
Swift, Candice L.
Malinov, Nikola G.
Mondo, Stephen J.
Salamov, Asaf
Grigoriev, Igor V.
O'Malley, Michelle A.
A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction
title A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction
title_full A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction
title_fullStr A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction
title_full_unstemmed A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction
title_short A Genomic Catalog of Stress Response Genes in Anaerobic Fungi for Applications in Bioproduction
title_sort genomic catalog of stress response genes in anaerobic fungi for applications in bioproduction
topic Fungal Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37744151
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffunb.2021.708358
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