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Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways

It is a long-standing view that the main mechanism maintaining narrow migratory divides in passerines is the selection against intermediate and suboptimal migratory direction, but empirical proof of this is still lacking. We present novel results from a willow warbler migratory divide in central Swe...

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Autores principales: Sokolovskis, Kristaps, Caballero-Lopez, Violeta, Åkesson, Susanne, Lundberg, Max, Willemoes, Mikkel, Zhao, Tianhao, Bensch, Staffan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512566/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37735665
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x
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author Sokolovskis, Kristaps
Caballero-Lopez, Violeta
Åkesson, Susanne
Lundberg, Max
Willemoes, Mikkel
Zhao, Tianhao
Bensch, Staffan
author_facet Sokolovskis, Kristaps
Caballero-Lopez, Violeta
Åkesson, Susanne
Lundberg, Max
Willemoes, Mikkel
Zhao, Tianhao
Bensch, Staffan
author_sort Sokolovskis, Kristaps
collection PubMed
description It is a long-standing view that the main mechanism maintaining narrow migratory divides in passerines is the selection against intermediate and suboptimal migratory direction, but empirical proof of this is still lacking. We present novel results from a willow warbler migratory divide in central Sweden from where birds take the typical SW and SE as well as intermediate routes to winter quarters in Africa. We hypothesized that individuals that take the intermediate route are forced to migrate in daytime more often when crossing wide ecological barriers than birds that follow the typical western or eastern flyways. Analyses of geolocator tracks of willow warblers breeding across the entire Sweden, including the migratory divide, provided no support for our hypothesis. Instead, birds that migrated along the western flyway were the most likely to undertake full day flights. The probability of migrating for a full day when crossing major barriers declined linearly from west to east. We speculate that this difference is possibly caused by more challenging conditions in the western part of the Sahara Desert, such as the lack of suitable day-time roost sites. However, it may equally likely be that willow warblers benefit from migrating in daytime if favorable tailwinds offer assistance. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x.
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spelling pubmed-105125662023-09-22 Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways Sokolovskis, Kristaps Caballero-Lopez, Violeta Åkesson, Susanne Lundberg, Max Willemoes, Mikkel Zhao, Tianhao Bensch, Staffan Mov Ecol Research It is a long-standing view that the main mechanism maintaining narrow migratory divides in passerines is the selection against intermediate and suboptimal migratory direction, but empirical proof of this is still lacking. We present novel results from a willow warbler migratory divide in central Sweden from where birds take the typical SW and SE as well as intermediate routes to winter quarters in Africa. We hypothesized that individuals that take the intermediate route are forced to migrate in daytime more often when crossing wide ecological barriers than birds that follow the typical western or eastern flyways. Analyses of geolocator tracks of willow warblers breeding across the entire Sweden, including the migratory divide, provided no support for our hypothesis. Instead, birds that migrated along the western flyway were the most likely to undertake full day flights. The probability of migrating for a full day when crossing major barriers declined linearly from west to east. We speculate that this difference is possibly caused by more challenging conditions in the western part of the Sahara Desert, such as the lack of suitable day-time roost sites. However, it may equally likely be that willow warblers benefit from migrating in daytime if favorable tailwinds offer assistance. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x. BioMed Central 2023-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10512566/ /pubmed/37735665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Sokolovskis, Kristaps
Caballero-Lopez, Violeta
Åkesson, Susanne
Lundberg, Max
Willemoes, Mikkel
Zhao, Tianhao
Bensch, Staffan
Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
title Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
title_full Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
title_fullStr Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
title_full_unstemmed Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
title_short Diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
title_sort diurnal migration patterns in willow warblers differ between the western and eastern flyways
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512566/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37735665
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00425-x
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