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Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis

Objective: This study aimed to compare and rank the effect of hypoxic practices on maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2)max) in athletes and determine the hypoxic dose-response correlation using network meta-analysis. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases were systematically s...

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Autores principales: Feng, Xinmiao, Zhao, Linlin, Chen, Yonghui, Wang, Zihao, Lu, Hongyuan, Wang, Chuangang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513096/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37745240
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1223037
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author Feng, Xinmiao
Zhao, Linlin
Chen, Yonghui
Wang, Zihao
Lu, Hongyuan
Wang, Chuangang
author_facet Feng, Xinmiao
Zhao, Linlin
Chen, Yonghui
Wang, Zihao
Lu, Hongyuan
Wang, Chuangang
author_sort Feng, Xinmiao
collection PubMed
description Objective: This study aimed to compare and rank the effect of hypoxic practices on maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2)max) in athletes and determine the hypoxic dose-response correlation using network meta-analysis. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases were systematically search for randomized controlled trials on the effect of hypoxc interventions on the VO(2)max of athletes published from inception until 21 February 2023. Studies that used live-high train-high (LHTH), live-high train-low (LHTL), live-high, train-high/low (HHL), intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), and intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) interventions were primarily included. LHTL was further defined according to the type of hypoxic environment (natural and simulated) and the altitude of the training site (low altitude and sea level). A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized mean difference between the effects of various hypoxic interventions on VO(2)max and dose-response correlation. Furthermore, the hypoxic dosage of the different interventions were coordinated using the “kilometer hour” model. Results: From 2,072 originally identified titles, 59 studies were finally included in this study. After data pooling, LHTL, LHTH, and IHT outperformed normoxic training in improving the VO(2)max of athletes. According to the P-scores, LHTL combined with low altitude training was the most effective intervention for improving VO(2)max (natural: 0.92 and simulated: 0.86) and was better than LHTL combined with sea level training (0.56). A reasonable hypoxic dose range for LHTH (470–1,130 kmh) and HL (500–1,415 kmh) was reported with an inverted U-shaped curve relationship. Conclusion: Different types of hypoxic training compared with normoxic training serve as significant approaches for improving aerobic capacity in athletes. Regardless of the type of hypoxic training and the residential condition, LHTL with low altitude training was the most effective intervention. The characteristics of the dose-effect correlation of LHTH and LHTL may be associated with the negative effects of chronic hypoxia.
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spelling pubmed-105130962023-09-22 Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis Feng, Xinmiao Zhao, Linlin Chen, Yonghui Wang, Zihao Lu, Hongyuan Wang, Chuangang Front Physiol Physiology Objective: This study aimed to compare and rank the effect of hypoxic practices on maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2)max) in athletes and determine the hypoxic dose-response correlation using network meta-analysis. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases were systematically search for randomized controlled trials on the effect of hypoxc interventions on the VO(2)max of athletes published from inception until 21 February 2023. Studies that used live-high train-high (LHTH), live-high train-low (LHTL), live-high, train-high/low (HHL), intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), and intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE) interventions were primarily included. LHTL was further defined according to the type of hypoxic environment (natural and simulated) and the altitude of the training site (low altitude and sea level). A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized mean difference between the effects of various hypoxic interventions on VO(2)max and dose-response correlation. Furthermore, the hypoxic dosage of the different interventions were coordinated using the “kilometer hour” model. Results: From 2,072 originally identified titles, 59 studies were finally included in this study. After data pooling, LHTL, LHTH, and IHT outperformed normoxic training in improving the VO(2)max of athletes. According to the P-scores, LHTL combined with low altitude training was the most effective intervention for improving VO(2)max (natural: 0.92 and simulated: 0.86) and was better than LHTL combined with sea level training (0.56). A reasonable hypoxic dose range for LHTH (470–1,130 kmh) and HL (500–1,415 kmh) was reported with an inverted U-shaped curve relationship. Conclusion: Different types of hypoxic training compared with normoxic training serve as significant approaches for improving aerobic capacity in athletes. Regardless of the type of hypoxic training and the residential condition, LHTL with low altitude training was the most effective intervention. The characteristics of the dose-effect correlation of LHTH and LHTL may be associated with the negative effects of chronic hypoxia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10513096/ /pubmed/37745240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1223037 Text en Copyright © 2023 Feng, Zhao, Chen, Wang, Lu and Wang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Feng, Xinmiao
Zhao, Linlin
Chen, Yonghui
Wang, Zihao
Lu, Hongyuan
Wang, Chuangang
Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
title Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
title_full Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
title_fullStr Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
title_short Optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
title_sort optimal type and dose of hypoxic training for improving maximal aerobic capacity in athletes: a systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513096/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37745240
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1223037
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