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Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor

Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to activate immune responses in Tenebrio molitor. From a previous study in Spodoptera exigua, we found that DSP1 activates Toll immune signalling pathway to induce immune responses by melanisation, PLA(2) ac...

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Autor principal: Mollah, Md. Mahi Imam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513244/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37733725
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291976
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author Mollah, Md. Mahi Imam
author_facet Mollah, Md. Mahi Imam
author_sort Mollah, Md. Mahi Imam
collection PubMed
description Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to activate immune responses in Tenebrio molitor. From a previous study in Spodoptera exigua, we found that DSP1 activates Toll immune signalling pathway to induce immune responses by melanisation, PLA(2) activity and AMP synthesis. However, the target site of DSP1 in this pathway remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the role of spätzle processing enzyme in the DSP1 induced toll immune signalling pathway. To address this, we analyzed spätzle processing enzyme (Tm-SPE) of the three-step serine protease cascade of T. molitor Toll pathway. Tm-SPE expressed in all developmental stages and larval tissues. Upon immune challenge, its expression levels were upregulated but significantly reduced after RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, the induction of immune responses upon immune challenge or recombinant DSP1 injection was significantly increased. Loss of function using RNA interference revealed that the Tm-SPE is involved in connecting DSP1 induced immune responses like hemocyte nodule formation, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. These suggest that Tm-SPE controls the DSP1 induced activation of Toll immune signalling pathway required for both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, to confirm the target molecule of DSP1 in three-step proteolytic cascade, we have to check other upstream serine proteases like Spatzle activating enzyme (SAE) or modular serine protease (MSP).
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spelling pubmed-105132442023-09-22 Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor Mollah, Md. Mahi Imam PLoS One Research Article Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to activate immune responses in Tenebrio molitor. From a previous study in Spodoptera exigua, we found that DSP1 activates Toll immune signalling pathway to induce immune responses by melanisation, PLA(2) activity and AMP synthesis. However, the target site of DSP1 in this pathway remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the role of spätzle processing enzyme in the DSP1 induced toll immune signalling pathway. To address this, we analyzed spätzle processing enzyme (Tm-SPE) of the three-step serine protease cascade of T. molitor Toll pathway. Tm-SPE expressed in all developmental stages and larval tissues. Upon immune challenge, its expression levels were upregulated but significantly reduced after RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, the induction of immune responses upon immune challenge or recombinant DSP1 injection was significantly increased. Loss of function using RNA interference revealed that the Tm-SPE is involved in connecting DSP1 induced immune responses like hemocyte nodule formation, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. These suggest that Tm-SPE controls the DSP1 induced activation of Toll immune signalling pathway required for both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, to confirm the target molecule of DSP1 in three-step proteolytic cascade, we have to check other upstream serine proteases like Spatzle activating enzyme (SAE) or modular serine protease (MSP). Public Library of Science 2023-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10513244/ /pubmed/37733725 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291976 Text en © 2023 Md. Mahi Imam Mollah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mollah, Md. Mahi Imam
Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor
title Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor
title_full Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor
title_fullStr Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor
title_full_unstemmed Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor
title_short Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor
title_sort spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced toll immune signalling pathway in tenebrio molitor
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513244/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37733725
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291976
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