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Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes has become one of the fastest growing public health emergencies worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the average annual out-of-pocket cost of diabetes treatment as well as to find out the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and their determinan...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514070/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37744423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2023.100102 |
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author | Hossain, Zakir Khanam, Moriam Razzaque Sarker, Abdur |
author_facet | Hossain, Zakir Khanam, Moriam Razzaque Sarker, Abdur |
author_sort | Hossain, Zakir |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes has become one of the fastest growing public health emergencies worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the average annual out-of-pocket cost of diabetes treatment as well as to find out the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and their determinants in Bangladeshi context. DATA AND METHODS: The study utilised data from the most recent nationally representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016–2017. The incidence of CHE was estimated by applying 10% and 25% of the annual total household expenditure threshold levels. The factors associated with CHE was presented as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The annual average out-of-pocket cost per diabetes patient was US$ 323 (BDT 25,473). The cost of medication was the main cost driver contributed for 75.43% of the total out-of-pocket cost. The incidence of CHE was 14.34%, and 5.86% of the study households for 10% and 25% of the threshold levels, respectively. The patient aged more than 60 (AOR: 4.89; CI 0.82 to 28.95), uneducated (AOR: 1.83; CI 0.25 to 2.12), comorbid condition (AOR: 1.62; CI 0.94 to 2.79), small household size (AOR: 3.20; CI 0.58 to 17.51), rural resident (AOR: 1.85; CI 0.46 to 1.57), poorest asset quintile (AOR: 4.06; CI 1.43 to 13.87) and private facility type (AOR: 8.16; CI 3.46 to 19.;25) were significantly associated with the incidence of CHE due to diabetes treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable out-of-pocket costs needed for diabetes care in Bangladesh. The evidence of catastrophic expenditure suggests the urgent need to improve financial risk protection to ensure access to care. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10514070 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105140702023-09-23 Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study Hossain, Zakir Khanam, Moriam Razzaque Sarker, Abdur Health Policy Open Article(s) from the Special Issue on Universal health coverage; Edited by Dr. Bernd Rechel BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes has become one of the fastest growing public health emergencies worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the average annual out-of-pocket cost of diabetes treatment as well as to find out the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and their determinants in Bangladeshi context. DATA AND METHODS: The study utilised data from the most recent nationally representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016–2017. The incidence of CHE was estimated by applying 10% and 25% of the annual total household expenditure threshold levels. The factors associated with CHE was presented as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The annual average out-of-pocket cost per diabetes patient was US$ 323 (BDT 25,473). The cost of medication was the main cost driver contributed for 75.43% of the total out-of-pocket cost. The incidence of CHE was 14.34%, and 5.86% of the study households for 10% and 25% of the threshold levels, respectively. The patient aged more than 60 (AOR: 4.89; CI 0.82 to 28.95), uneducated (AOR: 1.83; CI 0.25 to 2.12), comorbid condition (AOR: 1.62; CI 0.94 to 2.79), small household size (AOR: 3.20; CI 0.58 to 17.51), rural resident (AOR: 1.85; CI 0.46 to 1.57), poorest asset quintile (AOR: 4.06; CI 1.43 to 13.87) and private facility type (AOR: 8.16; CI 3.46 to 19.;25) were significantly associated with the incidence of CHE due to diabetes treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable out-of-pocket costs needed for diabetes care in Bangladesh. The evidence of catastrophic expenditure suggests the urgent need to improve financial risk protection to ensure access to care. Elsevier 2023-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10514070/ /pubmed/37744423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2023.100102 Text en © 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article(s) from the Special Issue on Universal health coverage; Edited by Dr. Bernd Rechel Hossain, Zakir Khanam, Moriam Razzaque Sarker, Abdur Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study |
title | Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study |
title_full | Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study |
title_fullStr | Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study |
title_full_unstemmed | Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study |
title_short | Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study |
title_sort | out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in bangladesh: a nation-wide population-based study |
topic | Article(s) from the Special Issue on Universal health coverage; Edited by Dr. Bernd Rechel |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514070/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37744423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2023.100102 |
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