The Constrained Disorder Principle Accounts for the Variability That Characterizes Breathing: A Method for Treating Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Improving Mechanical Ventilation

HIGHLIGHTS: What are the main findings? The constrained disorder principle (CDP) defines systems by their inherent disorder bounded by variable boundaries. What is the implication of the main finding? The present paper describes the mechanisms of breathing and cellular respiration, focusing on their inherent variability and how the CDP accounts for the variability in breathing and respiration. The article describes using CDP-based artificial intelligence platforms to augment the respiratory process’s efficiency and treat respiratory diseases. ABSTRACT: Variability characterizes breathing, cellular respiration, and the underlying quantum effects. Variability serves as a mechanism for coping with changing environments; however, this hypothesis does not explain why many of the variable phenomena of respiration manifest randomness. According to the constrained disorder principle (CDP), living organisms are defined by their inherent disorder bounded by variable boundaries. The present paper describes the mechanisms of breathing and cellular respiration, focusing on their inherent variability. It defines how the CDP accounts for the variability and randomness in breathing and respiration. It also provides a scheme for the potential role of respiration variability in the energy balance in biological systems. The paper describes the option of using CDP-based artificial intelligence platforms to augment the respiratory process’s efficiency, correct malfunctions, and treat disorders associated with the respiratory system.