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Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece
In addition to quantifying the taxonomic diversity of aquatic communities, understanding the patterns of alpha functional diversity (α-diversity) and exploring changes in functional dissimilarity (β-diversity) can improve our understanding on how ecosystems respond to environmental changes. In this...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514920/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746009 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1204383 |
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author | Stefanidis, Konstantinos Oikonomou, Anthi Dimitrellos, Georgios Tsoukalas, Dionysios Papastergiadou, Eva |
author_facet | Stefanidis, Konstantinos Oikonomou, Anthi Dimitrellos, Georgios Tsoukalas, Dionysios Papastergiadou, Eva |
author_sort | Stefanidis, Konstantinos |
collection | PubMed |
description | In addition to quantifying the taxonomic diversity of aquatic communities, understanding the patterns of alpha functional diversity (α-diversity) and exploring changes in functional dissimilarity (β-diversity) can improve our understanding on how ecosystems respond to environmental changes. In this study, we quantified functional alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity of macrophytic assemblages from river sites in Greece and then, examined relationships with water quality parameters and hydromorphological factors. We assigned 6 traits (Ellenberg nutrients indicator, Ellenberg light indicator, growth form, leaf size, leaf type, fruit size) to a total of 36 hydrophyte species and calculated three indices of functional diversity (functional richness, functional dispersion and functional evenness). We also estimated the total β-functional diversity and its’ main components, turnover and nestedness. To assess the effects of water quality (including physical and chemical variables) we used Generalized Additive Models (GAM) for alpha functional diversity indices and Generalized Dissimilarity Models (GDM) for beta functional diversity. We performed Kruskal-Wallis tests and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to search for significant variations of α- and β-diversity among the hydromorphological factors. Our results showed that macrophyte growth form and light preference were important trait characteristics that explained a large share of the total variance of functional composition. We also found relatively low taxonomic and functional richness, whereas taxonomic and functional dissimilarity were mostly attributed to species turnover, which expresses the changes in taxonomic and functional composition. We found significant relationships between functional dispersion and functional evenness with pH and oxygen saturation, whereas functional dissimilarity was driven only by geographic distance, although the GDM explained a small portion of the total variance. Functional richness, dispersion and evenness were significantly higher at systems with fine substrates and deep waters with low or high flow compared to systems with coarser substrates and riffle habitats. We also found significant variation in functional dissimilarity among the hydromorphological factors, although much of the total variance remained unexplained. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the functional diversity of aquatic plant assemblages within the frame of freshwater monitoring and conservation plans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10514920 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105149202023-09-23 Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece Stefanidis, Konstantinos Oikonomou, Anthi Dimitrellos, Georgios Tsoukalas, Dionysios Papastergiadou, Eva Front Plant Sci Plant Science In addition to quantifying the taxonomic diversity of aquatic communities, understanding the patterns of alpha functional diversity (α-diversity) and exploring changes in functional dissimilarity (β-diversity) can improve our understanding on how ecosystems respond to environmental changes. In this study, we quantified functional alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity of macrophytic assemblages from river sites in Greece and then, examined relationships with water quality parameters and hydromorphological factors. We assigned 6 traits (Ellenberg nutrients indicator, Ellenberg light indicator, growth form, leaf size, leaf type, fruit size) to a total of 36 hydrophyte species and calculated three indices of functional diversity (functional richness, functional dispersion and functional evenness). We also estimated the total β-functional diversity and its’ main components, turnover and nestedness. To assess the effects of water quality (including physical and chemical variables) we used Generalized Additive Models (GAM) for alpha functional diversity indices and Generalized Dissimilarity Models (GDM) for beta functional diversity. We performed Kruskal-Wallis tests and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to search for significant variations of α- and β-diversity among the hydromorphological factors. Our results showed that macrophyte growth form and light preference were important trait characteristics that explained a large share of the total variance of functional composition. We also found relatively low taxonomic and functional richness, whereas taxonomic and functional dissimilarity were mostly attributed to species turnover, which expresses the changes in taxonomic and functional composition. We found significant relationships between functional dispersion and functional evenness with pH and oxygen saturation, whereas functional dissimilarity was driven only by geographic distance, although the GDM explained a small portion of the total variance. Functional richness, dispersion and evenness were significantly higher at systems with fine substrates and deep waters with low or high flow compared to systems with coarser substrates and riffle habitats. We also found significant variation in functional dissimilarity among the hydromorphological factors, although much of the total variance remained unexplained. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the functional diversity of aquatic plant assemblages within the frame of freshwater monitoring and conservation plans. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10514920/ /pubmed/37746009 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1204383 Text en Copyright © 2023 Stefanidis, Oikonomou, Dimitrellos, Tsoukalas and Papastergiadou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Stefanidis, Konstantinos Oikonomou, Anthi Dimitrellos, Georgios Tsoukalas, Dionysios Papastergiadou, Eva Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece |
title | Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece |
title_full | Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece |
title_fullStr | Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece |
title_full_unstemmed | Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece |
title_short | Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of Greece |
title_sort | beyond taxonomic diversity patterns – investigating how α and β components of macrophyte functional diversity respond to environmental gradients in lotic ecosystems of greece |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10514920/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37746009 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1204383 |
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