Transcriptomic analysis identifies four novel receptors potentially linking endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome and generates a transcriptomic atlas

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a 3 to 4-fold increased risk of endometrial cancer (EC), but molecular mechanisms are unclear. Upregulation of the IGF1 gene in PCOS endometrium may increase EC risk, but this is uncertain. We aimed to investigate links between EC and PCOS, by analysing publicly available transcriptomic data. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus was used to identify relevant studies. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analysed using Metascape to identify pathways of interest. PCOS DEGs that encode proteins secreted into blood were identified using the Human Protein Atlas blood protein database. EC DEGs that are cellular receptors were identified using EcoTyper. These were intersected to identify which EC receptors interact with PCOS secreted proteins. Seven receptors were identified in EC but only PTPRF, ITGA2, ITGA3 and ITGB4 genes were expressed on epithelial cells. Pathway enrichment of these genes showed that the major and common pathway involved was that of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway which was consistent with a link between PCOS and EC. However, IGF1 was down regulated in PCOS and EC. These findings hold significant promise for improving our understanding of mechanistic pathways leading to EC in PCOS.