Psychometric Properties of the Hindi Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD) Module in Dehradun, India

Background: The perception of quality of life (QOL) is a subjective concept; however, attempts have been made to discern the key points and to give a metric view of this concept. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD) module is an international and cross-cultural tool that quantifies the QOL in older adults. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Hindi version of the WHOQOL-OLD module by calculating its reliability and validity among the elderly residing in the Dehradun district of India. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 elderlies from the rural and urban areas of Dehradun by using the Hindi version of the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for QOL scores. Reliability was checked by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (α), and factor analysis was done for the validity of the questionnaire. Results: Mean (±SD) for total QOL score was 54.3 (±9.3). The death and dying facet had the maximum mean score, whereas the minimum mean score was calculated in the autonomy facet. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the overall QOL score was calculated as 0.86 which shows good internal consistency of the items in the questionnaire. To measure the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) by principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the 24 items of the WHOQOL-OLD module, and a six-factor model was identified. Satisfactory goodness-of-fit statistics were found on the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Conclusion: QOL is a multidimensional concept. The Hindi version of the WHOQOL-OLD module is reliable and valid. QOL in the elderly population can be measured by using the WHOQOL-OLD module in India.