Synthesis and characterization of a novel magnetic chitosan–nickel ferrite nanocomposite for antibacterial and antioxidant properties

A novel nanomagnet modified with nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) coated with hybrid chitosan (Cs–NiFe(2)O(4)) was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The resulting nanomagnets were characterized using various techniques. The size of the nanomagnetic particles was estimated to be about 40 nm based on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) pattern (using the Debye–Scherrer equation). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that the surface of Cs–NiFe(2)O(4) NPs is flatter and smoother than the uncoated NiFe(2)O(4) NPs. According to value stream mapping (VSM) analysis, the magnetization value of Cs–NiFe(2)O(4) NPs (17.34 emu/g) was significantly lower than NiFe(2)O(4) NPs (40.67 emu/g). The Cs–NiFe(2)O(4) NPs indicated higher antibacterial properties than NiFe(2)O(4) NPs and Cs. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Cs–NiFe(2)O(4) NPs against S. aureus and E. coli were 128 and 256 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activity (evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging test) for NiFe(2)O(4) NPs and Cs–NiFe(2)O(4) NPs at the concentration of 100 µg/mL were 35% and 42%, respectively. Consequently, the synthesized Cs–NiFe(2)O(4) NPs can be proposed as a viable material for biomedical applications.