The Prognostic Impact of Tumor Border Configuration, Tumor Budding and Tumor Stroma Ratio in Colorectal Carcinoma

Objective: Tumor border configuration, tumor budding and tumor stroma ratio are reliable histopathological parameters that play a central role in the invasion-metastasis cascade. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of these parameters and a new combined score in colorectal cancer. Material and Method: A cohort of 103 colorectal cancer surgical specimens was retrospectively evaluated for tumor border configuration, tumor budding and tumor stroma ratio using H&E sections. A combined risk score was then constructed to divide cases into low risk-tumors and high risk-tumors. Results: Infiltrating tumor border, high tumor budding, low tumor stroma ratio and high combined risk score were associated with positive lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, poor overall survival and short recurrence-free survival. Infiltrating tumor border, high tumor budding and high combined risk score were associated with advanced T stage. High tumor budding, and low tumor stroma ratio were associated with perineural invasion. Infiltrating tumor border was associated with increased tumor size and conventional adenocarcinoma, high tumor budding and low tumor stroma ratio. Low tumor stroma ratio was associated with high tumor budding. On multivariate survival analysis, tumor stroma ratio was found to be an independent predictor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: Tumor border configuration, tumor budding, tumor stroma ratio and the newly constructed combined risk score are potential predictors of outcome in colorectal cancer patients, suggesting that their incorporation in the routine histopathological evaluation could be useful in determining the prognosis of colorectal cancer cases.