Congenital scoliosis associated with total situs inversus: A rare case report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by a mirror-image transposition of both the abdominal and the thoracic organs. Vertebral anomalies causing congenital scoliosis are classified on the basis of failures of formation, segmentation, or both. The hallmark of surgical treatment is early intervention before the development of large curvatures. The surgical treatment of a congenital deformity mandates the use of neurological monitoring to minimize the risk of perioperative neurological deficit. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 21-year-old patient who was admitted for her scoliosis deformity correction. Complaints of back pain when standing for a long time and carrying heavy loads for too long. Her systemic examination revealed the apex cardiac beat on the right side, liver dullness on the left side, and rib hump deformity. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Congenital scoliosis is the most frequent congenital deformity of the spine. Congenital curvatures are due to anomalous development of the vertebrae (failure of formation and/or segmentation). Congenital scoliosis is believed to be related to an insult to the fetus during spine embryological development and associated malformations. In our case, the X-ray showed that the cardiac apex, spleen, stomach, and aorta were present on the right side, and the larger liver lobe and inferior vena cava were noted on the left side. Thus, the image manifestations supported the diagnosis of situs inversus totalis. CONCLUSION: Corrective surgery with osteotomy could be a safe and effective for the treatment of scoliosis associated with situs inversus totalis.