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Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and is a leading etiology of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol-related liver injuries include a range of manifestations including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis an...

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Autores principales: Ait Ahmed, Yeni, Lafdil, Fouad, Tacke, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519224/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37753346
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S326468
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author Ait Ahmed, Yeni
Lafdil, Fouad
Tacke, Frank
author_facet Ait Ahmed, Yeni
Lafdil, Fouad
Tacke, Frank
author_sort Ait Ahmed, Yeni
collection PubMed
description Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and is a leading etiology of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol-related liver injuries include a range of manifestations including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver disease occurs from several pathological disturbances such as the metabolism of ethanol, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes, alterations in the gut microbiota, and the immune response to these changes. A common hallmark of these liver affections is the establishment of an inflammatory environment, and some (broad) anti-inflammatory approaches are used to treat AH (eg, corticosteroids). Macrophages, which represent the main innate immune cells in the liver, respond to a wide variety of (pathogenic) stimuli and adopt a large spectrum of phenotypes. This translates to a diversity of functions including pathogen and debris clearance, recruitment of other immune cells, activation of fibroblasts, or tissue repair. Thus, macrophage populations play a crucial role in the course of ALD, but the underlying mechanisms driving macrophage polarization and their functionality in ALD are complex. In this review, we explore the various populations of hepatic macrophages in alcohol-associated liver disease and the underlying mechanisms driving their polarization. Additionally, we summarize the crosstalk between hepatic macrophages and other hepatic cell types in ALD, in order to support the exploration of targeted therapeutics by modulating macrophage polarization.
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spelling pubmed-105192242023-09-26 Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases Ait Ahmed, Yeni Lafdil, Fouad Tacke, Frank Hepat Med Review Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and is a leading etiology of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol-related liver injuries include a range of manifestations including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver disease occurs from several pathological disturbances such as the metabolism of ethanol, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes, alterations in the gut microbiota, and the immune response to these changes. A common hallmark of these liver affections is the establishment of an inflammatory environment, and some (broad) anti-inflammatory approaches are used to treat AH (eg, corticosteroids). Macrophages, which represent the main innate immune cells in the liver, respond to a wide variety of (pathogenic) stimuli and adopt a large spectrum of phenotypes. This translates to a diversity of functions including pathogen and debris clearance, recruitment of other immune cells, activation of fibroblasts, or tissue repair. Thus, macrophage populations play a crucial role in the course of ALD, but the underlying mechanisms driving macrophage polarization and their functionality in ALD are complex. In this review, we explore the various populations of hepatic macrophages in alcohol-associated liver disease and the underlying mechanisms driving their polarization. Additionally, we summarize the crosstalk between hepatic macrophages and other hepatic cell types in ALD, in order to support the exploration of targeted therapeutics by modulating macrophage polarization. Dove 2023-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10519224/ /pubmed/37753346 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S326468 Text en © 2023 Ait Ahmed et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Review
Ait Ahmed, Yeni
Lafdil, Fouad
Tacke, Frank
Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases
title Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases
title_full Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases
title_fullStr Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases
title_short Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases
title_sort ambiguous pathogenic roles of macrophages in alcohol-associated liver diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519224/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37753346
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S326468
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