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Reversing T Cell Exhaustion by Converting Membrane PD-1 to Its Soluble form in Jurkat Cells; Applying The CRISPR/Cas9 Exon Skipping Strategy

OBJECTIVE: T-cells express two functional forms of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1): membrane (mPD-1) and soluble (sPD-1). The binding of mPD-1 and its ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells could lead activated lymphocytes toward exhaustion. Selective deletion of the transmembrane domain via alter...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yousefi-Najafabadi, Zeinab, Mehmandoostli, Zohreh, Asgari, Yazdan, Kaboli, Saeed, Falak, Reza, Kardar, Gholam Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Royan Institute 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10520982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37718766
http://dx.doi.org/10.22074/CELLJ.2023.1999548.1269
Descripción
Sumario:OBJECTIVE: T-cells express two functional forms of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1): membrane (mPD-1) and soluble (sPD-1). The binding of mPD-1 and its ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells could lead activated lymphocytes toward exhaustion. Selective deletion of the transmembrane domain via alternative splicing of exon-3 in PD-1 mRNA could generate sPD-1. Overexpression of sPD-1 could disrupt the mPD-1/PD-L1 interaction in tumor-specific T cells. We investigated the effect of secreted sPD-1 from pooled engineered and non-engineered T cell supernatant on survival and proliferation of lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, we designed two sgRNA sequences upstream and downstream of exon-3 in the PDCD1 gene. The lentiCRISPRv2 puro vector was used to clone the dual sgRNAs and produce lentiviral particles to transduce Jurkat T cells. Analysis assays were used to clarify the change in PD-1 expression pattern in the pooled (engineered and non-engineered) Jurkat cells. Co-culture conditions were established with PD-L1+ cancer cells and lymphocytes. RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9 could delete exon-3 of the PDCD1 gene in the engineered cells based on the tracking of indels by decomposition (TIDE) and interference of CRISPR edit (ICE) sequencing analysis reports. Our results showed a 12% reduction in mPD-1 positive cell population after CRISPR manipulation and increment in sPD-1 concentration in the supernatant. The increased sPD-1 confirmed its positive effect on proliferation of lymphocytes co-cultured with PDL1+ cancer cells. The survival percent of lymphocytes co-cultured with the pooled cells supernatant was 12.5% more than the control. CONCLUSION: The CRISPR/Cas9 exon skipping approach could be used in adoptive cell immunotherapies to change PD-1 expression patterns and overcome exhaustion.