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Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in bloo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
S. Karger AG
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37767286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527233 |
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author | Schönbacher, Marlies Banfi, Chiara Berghold, Andrea Matzhold, Eva Maria Wagner, Thomas Mayr, Wolfgang R. Körmöczi, Günther F. |
author_facet | Schönbacher, Marlies Banfi, Chiara Berghold, Andrea Matzhold, Eva Maria Wagner, Thomas Mayr, Wolfgang R. Körmöczi, Günther F. |
author_sort | Schönbacher, Marlies |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in blood samples. Investigation of ABO antibodies in saliva, an easy-to-obtain surrogate for respiratory secretions, may provide novel insights into mucosal immunity crucial in early defense against respiratory pathogens. METHODS: In this study, saliva and serum samples from healthy individuals with known blood groups were investigated using a flow cytometric method for separate anti-A/anti-B IgA, IgM, and IgG class antibody detection. Saliva samples were additionally tested using hemagglutination-based neutral and indirect anti-human globulin test gel cards. This method comparison was complemented by dilution experiments with a high-titer anti-A/anti-B WHO standard. RESULTS: In saliva, IgA was the most abundant ABO antibody class, followed by IgM; IgG was detected only in low levels in all non-AB blood types. In serum, IgM was the predominant ABO antibody class in all non-AB blood types, followed by IgA and IgG, the latter mainly detected in group O individuals. Saliva and serum samples of group O individuals yielded the highest variability of ABO-specific antibody levels. Regardless of sample material and blood type, major interindividual differences in ABO antibody reactivities were recorded. Antibody levels correlated moderately between these two body fluids. There were no significant sex and age-group differences in ABO antibody levels in both serum and saliva. WHO standard dilution experiments yielded technique-specific limits of detection, illustrating the inherent differences of immunofluorescence versus agglutination. CONCLUSION: For the first time, salivary ABO antibodies were investigated by separate detection of the three most relevant antibody classes IgA, IgM, and IgG in a healthy cohort. This study opens new perspectives regarding mucosal ABO antibody class profiles and their potential influence on respiratory infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10521241 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | S. Karger AG |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105212412023-09-27 Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals Schönbacher, Marlies Banfi, Chiara Berghold, Andrea Matzhold, Eva Maria Wagner, Thomas Mayr, Wolfgang R. Körmöczi, Günther F. Transfus Med Hemother Research Article INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in blood samples. Investigation of ABO antibodies in saliva, an easy-to-obtain surrogate for respiratory secretions, may provide novel insights into mucosal immunity crucial in early defense against respiratory pathogens. METHODS: In this study, saliva and serum samples from healthy individuals with known blood groups were investigated using a flow cytometric method for separate anti-A/anti-B IgA, IgM, and IgG class antibody detection. Saliva samples were additionally tested using hemagglutination-based neutral and indirect anti-human globulin test gel cards. This method comparison was complemented by dilution experiments with a high-titer anti-A/anti-B WHO standard. RESULTS: In saliva, IgA was the most abundant ABO antibody class, followed by IgM; IgG was detected only in low levels in all non-AB blood types. In serum, IgM was the predominant ABO antibody class in all non-AB blood types, followed by IgA and IgG, the latter mainly detected in group O individuals. Saliva and serum samples of group O individuals yielded the highest variability of ABO-specific antibody levels. Regardless of sample material and blood type, major interindividual differences in ABO antibody reactivities were recorded. Antibody levels correlated moderately between these two body fluids. There were no significant sex and age-group differences in ABO antibody levels in both serum and saliva. WHO standard dilution experiments yielded technique-specific limits of detection, illustrating the inherent differences of immunofluorescence versus agglutination. CONCLUSION: For the first time, salivary ABO antibodies were investigated by separate detection of the three most relevant antibody classes IgA, IgM, and IgG in a healthy cohort. This study opens new perspectives regarding mucosal ABO antibody class profiles and their potential influence on respiratory infections. S. Karger AG 2022-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10521241/ /pubmed/37767286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527233 Text en Copyright © 2022 by The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Schönbacher, Marlies Banfi, Chiara Berghold, Andrea Matzhold, Eva Maria Wagner, Thomas Mayr, Wolfgang R. Körmöczi, Günther F. Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals |
title | Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals |
title_full | Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals |
title_fullStr | Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals |
title_short | Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals |
title_sort | immunoglobulin class profiles of abo antibodies in saliva and serum of healthy individuals |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37767286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527233 |
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