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Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in bloo...

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Autores principales: Schönbacher, Marlies, Banfi, Chiara, Berghold, Andrea, Matzhold, Eva Maria, Wagner, Thomas, Mayr, Wolfgang R., Körmöczi, Günther F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: S. Karger AG 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37767286
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527233
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author Schönbacher, Marlies
Banfi, Chiara
Berghold, Andrea
Matzhold, Eva Maria
Wagner, Thomas
Mayr, Wolfgang R.
Körmöczi, Günther F.
author_facet Schönbacher, Marlies
Banfi, Chiara
Berghold, Andrea
Matzhold, Eva Maria
Wagner, Thomas
Mayr, Wolfgang R.
Körmöczi, Günther F.
author_sort Schönbacher, Marlies
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in blood samples. Investigation of ABO antibodies in saliva, an easy-to-obtain surrogate for respiratory secretions, may provide novel insights into mucosal immunity crucial in early defense against respiratory pathogens. METHODS: In this study, saliva and serum samples from healthy individuals with known blood groups were investigated using a flow cytometric method for separate anti-A/anti-B IgA, IgM, and IgG class antibody detection. Saliva samples were additionally tested using hemagglutination-based neutral and indirect anti-human globulin test gel cards. This method comparison was complemented by dilution experiments with a high-titer anti-A/anti-B WHO standard. RESULTS: In saliva, IgA was the most abundant ABO antibody class, followed by IgM; IgG was detected only in low levels in all non-AB blood types. In serum, IgM was the predominant ABO antibody class in all non-AB blood types, followed by IgA and IgG, the latter mainly detected in group O individuals. Saliva and serum samples of group O individuals yielded the highest variability of ABO-specific antibody levels. Regardless of sample material and blood type, major interindividual differences in ABO antibody reactivities were recorded. Antibody levels correlated moderately between these two body fluids. There were no significant sex and age-group differences in ABO antibody levels in both serum and saliva. WHO standard dilution experiments yielded technique-specific limits of detection, illustrating the inherent differences of immunofluorescence versus agglutination. CONCLUSION: For the first time, salivary ABO antibodies were investigated by separate detection of the three most relevant antibody classes IgA, IgM, and IgG in a healthy cohort. This study opens new perspectives regarding mucosal ABO antibody class profiles and their potential influence on respiratory infections.
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spelling pubmed-105212412023-09-27 Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals Schönbacher, Marlies Banfi, Chiara Berghold, Andrea Matzhold, Eva Maria Wagner, Thomas Mayr, Wolfgang R. Körmöczi, Günther F. Transfus Med Hemother Research Article INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic gave rise to studies investigating the association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 susceptibility. It is hypothesized that ABO antibodies might play a role in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ABO antibodies were exclusively analyzed in blood samples. Investigation of ABO antibodies in saliva, an easy-to-obtain surrogate for respiratory secretions, may provide novel insights into mucosal immunity crucial in early defense against respiratory pathogens. METHODS: In this study, saliva and serum samples from healthy individuals with known blood groups were investigated using a flow cytometric method for separate anti-A/anti-B IgA, IgM, and IgG class antibody detection. Saliva samples were additionally tested using hemagglutination-based neutral and indirect anti-human globulin test gel cards. This method comparison was complemented by dilution experiments with a high-titer anti-A/anti-B WHO standard. RESULTS: In saliva, IgA was the most abundant ABO antibody class, followed by IgM; IgG was detected only in low levels in all non-AB blood types. In serum, IgM was the predominant ABO antibody class in all non-AB blood types, followed by IgA and IgG, the latter mainly detected in group O individuals. Saliva and serum samples of group O individuals yielded the highest variability of ABO-specific antibody levels. Regardless of sample material and blood type, major interindividual differences in ABO antibody reactivities were recorded. Antibody levels correlated moderately between these two body fluids. There were no significant sex and age-group differences in ABO antibody levels in both serum and saliva. WHO standard dilution experiments yielded technique-specific limits of detection, illustrating the inherent differences of immunofluorescence versus agglutination. CONCLUSION: For the first time, salivary ABO antibodies were investigated by separate detection of the three most relevant antibody classes IgA, IgM, and IgG in a healthy cohort. This study opens new perspectives regarding mucosal ABO antibody class profiles and their potential influence on respiratory infections. S. Karger AG 2022-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10521241/ /pubmed/37767286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527233 Text en Copyright © 2022 by The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.
spellingShingle Research Article
Schönbacher, Marlies
Banfi, Chiara
Berghold, Andrea
Matzhold, Eva Maria
Wagner, Thomas
Mayr, Wolfgang R.
Körmöczi, Günther F.
Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
title Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
title_full Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
title_fullStr Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
title_full_unstemmed Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
title_short Immunoglobulin Class Profiles of ABO Antibodies in Saliva and Serum of Healthy Individuals
title_sort immunoglobulin class profiles of abo antibodies in saliva and serum of healthy individuals
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521241/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37767286
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527233
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