The Emerging Roles and Mechanisms of PAQR3 in Human Cancer: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications

Cancer was one of the common causes of death in the world, and it was increasing year by year. At present, Progestin and AdipoQ receptor family member 3 (PAQR3) was widely studied in cancer. It has been found that PAQR3 was down regulated in various cancers, such as the gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. The decreased expression of PAQR3 was associated with short overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. PAQR3 could inhibit cancer progression by using the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3/AKT, EMT and other mechanisms, and was negatively regulated by the miR-543, miR-15b-5p and miR-15b. The roles and signaling mechanisms of PAQR3, and the relationship between the expression of PAQR3 and prognosis in cancer progression are reviewed in this article, and provides new tumor marker and idea to guide cancer treatment.