Fabrication of Biogenic Titanium Nanoparticles and Investigating Their Biological Properties for Dental Applications

Introduction: Oral inflammation, often triggered by infections, injuries, or immune responses, can compromise treatment outcomes, delay healing, and contribute to patient discomfort. The development of green nanoparticle synthesis methods is receiving attention due to their potential advantages over existing approaches. These procedures use commonly available, affordable, and environmentally friendly natural plant extracts. Due to their numerous uses in various industries, titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NPs) have attracted the most attention among the nanoparticles. In this study, we present the green synthesis of Myristica fragrans (mace) extract as a reductant and stabilizer for the production of curcumin-functionalized TiO(2)NPs (CTN). We additionally evaluated the effectiveness of these nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: In this study, we aim to develop biogenic TiO(2)NPs using Myristica fragrans as a natural capping agent and functionalized with curcumin for effectively managing oral inflammation in dental applications. Methods: The nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method and characterized using various characterization techniques. Biocompatibility was evaluated using hemolytic assays, and the bioactivity of the nanoparticles was assessed using anti-inflammatory assays. Results: Curcumin-coated M-TiO(2)NPs (MCTN) were successfully synthesized and characterized by various techniques, confirming their morphology, crystallinity, functionalization, elemental composition, size, and stability. In vitro bioactivity studies revealed that MCTN exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of protein denaturation with minimal hemolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of MCTN as a promising candidate for anti-inflammatory applications. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MCTN exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and anti-hemolytic properties. However, further in-depth in vivo analysis is required to fully understand their efficacy and toxicity.