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Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The importance of cystitis in pig production is controversial and sparse information is available on its frequency and etiology in sows. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, macroscopical and histological lesions of the urinary bladder in culled sows. Uri...

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Autores principales: Tolstrup, Lola Kathe, Leifsson, Páll Skúli, Guardabassi, Luca, Nielsen, Jens Peter, Pedersen, Ken Steen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10523660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37752562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00336-8
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author Tolstrup, Lola Kathe
Leifsson, Páll Skúli
Guardabassi, Luca
Nielsen, Jens Peter
Pedersen, Ken Steen
author_facet Tolstrup, Lola Kathe
Leifsson, Páll Skúli
Guardabassi, Luca
Nielsen, Jens Peter
Pedersen, Ken Steen
author_sort Tolstrup, Lola Kathe
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The importance of cystitis in pig production is controversial and sparse information is available on its frequency and etiology in sows. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, macroscopical and histological lesions of the urinary bladder in culled sows. Urinary bladders and urine samples were obtained from 176 culled sows at slaughter. The urine samples collected by cystocentesis were analyzed to determine bacterial content and pathological findings, macroscopic as well as microscopic, of the bladder were recorded for each sow. RESULTS: The prevalence of bacteriuria, defined by bacterial concentrations ≥ 10(3) colony forming units per mL of urine, was 34%. Escherichia coli was isolated from 69% of the samples with bacteriuria. Redness of the mucosa was the most frequently observed macroscopic change of the bladder. Intense redness and presence of pus was considered significant pathological changes and occurred in 27% of the urinary bladders. The histopathological examination showed that mononuclear cells were the predominant type of cell infiltration in the bladder mucosa, while neutrophils occurred in very few samples. The criteria for cystitis determined by histopathology were met in 46% of the samples. The criteria were based on presence of hyperemia, edema, and inflammatory cell reaction defined as 40 or more neutrophils or mononuclear cells per high power field. All three indicators of cystitis were significantly associated with each other (p < 0.05) at sow level. CONCLUSION: This study shows that signs of cystitis are common in culled sows. The prevalence of cystitis was 34% based on bacteriological examination, 27% based on macroscopic examination and 46% based on histological examination. Significant associations were found between the three indicators of cystitis: bacteriuria, pathological and histological lesions of the bladder. Based on macroscopic changes and histopathology of the bladder, the cut-off of ≥ 10(3) colony forming units per mL of urine seems to be appropriate for assessing urine cultures obtained by cystocentesis.
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spelling pubmed-105236602023-09-28 Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study Tolstrup, Lola Kathe Leifsson, Páll Skúli Guardabassi, Luca Nielsen, Jens Peter Pedersen, Ken Steen Porcine Health Manag Research BACKGROUND: The importance of cystitis in pig production is controversial and sparse information is available on its frequency and etiology in sows. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, macroscopical and histological lesions of the urinary bladder in culled sows. Urinary bladders and urine samples were obtained from 176 culled sows at slaughter. The urine samples collected by cystocentesis were analyzed to determine bacterial content and pathological findings, macroscopic as well as microscopic, of the bladder were recorded for each sow. RESULTS: The prevalence of bacteriuria, defined by bacterial concentrations ≥ 10(3) colony forming units per mL of urine, was 34%. Escherichia coli was isolated from 69% of the samples with bacteriuria. Redness of the mucosa was the most frequently observed macroscopic change of the bladder. Intense redness and presence of pus was considered significant pathological changes and occurred in 27% of the urinary bladders. The histopathological examination showed that mononuclear cells were the predominant type of cell infiltration in the bladder mucosa, while neutrophils occurred in very few samples. The criteria for cystitis determined by histopathology were met in 46% of the samples. The criteria were based on presence of hyperemia, edema, and inflammatory cell reaction defined as 40 or more neutrophils or mononuclear cells per high power field. All three indicators of cystitis were significantly associated with each other (p < 0.05) at sow level. CONCLUSION: This study shows that signs of cystitis are common in culled sows. The prevalence of cystitis was 34% based on bacteriological examination, 27% based on macroscopic examination and 46% based on histological examination. Significant associations were found between the three indicators of cystitis: bacteriuria, pathological and histological lesions of the bladder. Based on macroscopic changes and histopathology of the bladder, the cut-off of ≥ 10(3) colony forming units per mL of urine seems to be appropriate for assessing urine cultures obtained by cystocentesis. BioMed Central 2023-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10523660/ /pubmed/37752562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00336-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Tolstrup, Lola Kathe
Leifsson, Páll Skúli
Guardabassi, Luca
Nielsen, Jens Peter
Pedersen, Ken Steen
Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
title Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
title_full Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
title_short Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
title_sort cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10523660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37752562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40813-023-00336-8
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