Antibody-Based Assessment of Coxiella burnetii Circulation in Algerian Goat Herds

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Q fever, a zoonotic disease caused by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii, which can infect both animals and humans, mainly affects ruminant animals such as goats, leading to reproductive problems. Humans can contract the disease by coming into contact with infected animals or their products. In Algeria, Q fever is widespread, but little is known about its presence in domestic goats. This study aimed to analyze C. burnetii antibodies in goats from four provinces in Northeastern Algeria. Of the 504 serum samples tested, from 77 herds, 44 showed the presence of C. burnetii antibodies. This study found that 35.06% of herds and 8.73% of goats had C. burnetii antibodies. Herds with a history of abortions had a particularly high infection rate of 88.9%. This research suggests that C. burnetii is widespread in goats and could potentially be transmitted to humans. ABSTRACT: Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), a pathogen with a high capability for infection. The disease primarily affects ruminants, leading to reproductive disorders, but can also be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or their products. In Algeria, Q fever is endemic, but little is known about the presence and circulation of C. burnetii in domestic goats. This study aimed to perform a multicentric serological analysis of C. burnetii antibodies in domestic goats from four provinces in the North East Region of Algeria. A total of 504 goat serum samples were collected from 77 herds, and serological analysis was performed using an indirect ELISA. The overall seroprevalence at the herd level was 35.06%, and 8.73% at the individual level. Herds with a history of abortions showed a high seropositivity rate of 88.9%. This research indicates the wide distribution of C. burnetii in goats in this region, suggesting the potential for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further studies and monitoring programs are essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of C. burnetii epidemiology in Algeria and to prevent or mitigate potential outbreaks. Awareness among practitioners and farmers is crucial to address this public health concern effectively.