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Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest

A detailed three-dimensional (3D) head–neck (C0–C7) finite element (FE) model was developed and used to dictate the motions of each cervical spinal segment under static physiological loadings of flexion and extension with a magnitude of 1.0 Nm and rear-end impacts. In this dynamic study, a rear-end...

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Autores principales: Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hanhui, Teo, Ee Chon, Gu, Yaodong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10525499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37760161
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091059
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author Wang, Yuan
Jiang, Hanhui
Teo, Ee Chon
Gu, Yaodong
author_facet Wang, Yuan
Jiang, Hanhui
Teo, Ee Chon
Gu, Yaodong
author_sort Wang, Yuan
collection PubMed
description A detailed three-dimensional (3D) head–neck (C0–C7) finite element (FE) model was developed and used to dictate the motions of each cervical spinal segment under static physiological loadings of flexion and extension with a magnitude of 1.0 Nm and rear-end impacts. In this dynamic study, a rear-end impact pulse was applied to C7 to create accelerations of 4.5 G and 8.5 G. The predicted segmental motions and displacements of the head were in agreement with published results under physiological loads of 1.0 Nm. Under rear-end impact conditions, the effects of peak pulse acceleration and headrest angles on the kinematic responses of the head–neck complex showed rates of increase/decrease in the rotational motion of various cervical spinal segments that were different in the first 200 ms. The peak flexion rotation of all segments was lower than the combined ROM of flexion and extension. The peak extension rotation of all segments showed variation compared to the combined ROM of flexion and extension depending on G and the headrest angle. A higher acceleration of C7 increased the peak extension angle of lower levels, but the absolute increase was restricted by the distance between the head and the headrest. A change in the headrest angle from 45° to 30° resulted in a change in extension rotation at the lower C5–C6 segments to flexion rotation, which further justified the effectiveness of having distance between the head and the headrest. This study shows that the existing C0-C7 FE model is efficient at defining the gross reactions of the human cervical spine under both physiological static and simulated whiplash circumstances. The fast rate of changes in flexion and extension rotation of various segments may result in associated soft tissues and bony structures experiencing tolerances beyond their material characteristic limits. It is suggested that a proper location and angle of the headrest could effectively prevent the cervical spine from injury in traumatic vehicular accidents.
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spelling pubmed-105254992023-09-28 Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest Wang, Yuan Jiang, Hanhui Teo, Ee Chon Gu, Yaodong Bioengineering (Basel) Article A detailed three-dimensional (3D) head–neck (C0–C7) finite element (FE) model was developed and used to dictate the motions of each cervical spinal segment under static physiological loadings of flexion and extension with a magnitude of 1.0 Nm and rear-end impacts. In this dynamic study, a rear-end impact pulse was applied to C7 to create accelerations of 4.5 G and 8.5 G. The predicted segmental motions and displacements of the head were in agreement with published results under physiological loads of 1.0 Nm. Under rear-end impact conditions, the effects of peak pulse acceleration and headrest angles on the kinematic responses of the head–neck complex showed rates of increase/decrease in the rotational motion of various cervical spinal segments that were different in the first 200 ms. The peak flexion rotation of all segments was lower than the combined ROM of flexion and extension. The peak extension rotation of all segments showed variation compared to the combined ROM of flexion and extension depending on G and the headrest angle. A higher acceleration of C7 increased the peak extension angle of lower levels, but the absolute increase was restricted by the distance between the head and the headrest. A change in the headrest angle from 45° to 30° resulted in a change in extension rotation at the lower C5–C6 segments to flexion rotation, which further justified the effectiveness of having distance between the head and the headrest. This study shows that the existing C0-C7 FE model is efficient at defining the gross reactions of the human cervical spine under both physiological static and simulated whiplash circumstances. The fast rate of changes in flexion and extension rotation of various segments may result in associated soft tissues and bony structures experiencing tolerances beyond their material characteristic limits. It is suggested that a proper location and angle of the headrest could effectively prevent the cervical spine from injury in traumatic vehicular accidents. MDPI 2023-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10525499/ /pubmed/37760161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091059 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Yuan
Jiang, Hanhui
Teo, Ee Chon
Gu, Yaodong
Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest
title Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest
title_full Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest
title_fullStr Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest
title_full_unstemmed Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest
title_short Finite Element Analysis of Head–Neck Kinematics in Rear-End Impact Conditions with Headrest
title_sort finite element analysis of head–neck kinematics in rear-end impact conditions with headrest
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10525499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37760161
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091059
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