A Systematic Review of Canine Cystectomy: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes

SIMPLE SUMMARY: This review provides a summary of the literature encompassing partial and complete bladder removal surgeries in dogs and subsequent conclusions that can be drawn. Removal of bladder tumors as a component of treatment for cancer of the lower urinary system in dogs may enhance survival time and result in acceptable quality of life, though risk for complications is substantial, particularly following removal of the entire bladder. However, for dogs with urothelial carcinoma, surgical removal of the tumor is generally not considered curative and disease progression is common. Appropriate case selection and thorough discussion with owners regarding potential risks and benefits of surgery are imperative for successful outcomes. ABSTRACT: This review provides a summary of the literature encompassing partial and total cystectomy procedures in dogs and subsequent conclusions that can be drawn. Surgical excision as a component of treatment for lower urinary tract neoplasia in dogs may enhance survival time and result in acceptable quality of life, though risk for surgical complications is substantial, particularly following total cystectomy procedures. However, for dogs with urothelial carcinoma, cystectomy is generally not considered curative and disease progression is common. Appropriate case selection and thorough preoperative discussion with owners regarding potential risks and benefits of cystectomy are imperative for successful outcomes.