The Functional Roles of Methionine and Arginine in Intestinal and Bone Health of Poultry: Review

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Intestinal health and bone health are two major contributors to the well-being of poultry. Maintaining a balanced and healthy status of the intestines and bones can lead to optimal growth performance and productivity. Recent studies have illuminated the functional roles of certain amino acids, highlighting their unique contributions to various physiological processes and the synthesis of metabolically important molecules. Methionine and arginine are two notable examples of such amino acids. In this review, we explore how methionine and arginine may influence intestinal and bone health and the potential mechanisms behind these effects. ABSTRACT: This review explores the roles of methionine and arginine in promoting the well-being of poultry, with a specific focus on their impacts on intestinal and bone health. The metabolic pathways of methionine and arginine are elucidated, highlighting their distinct routes within the avian system. Beyond their fundamental importance in protein synthesis, methionine and arginine also exert their functional roles through their antioxidant capacities, immunomodulating effects, and involvement in the synthesis of metabolically important molecules such as S-adenosylmethionine, nitric oxide, and polyamines. These multifaceted actions enable methionine and arginine to influence various aspects of intestinal health such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, regulating immune responses, and even influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. Additionally, they could play a pivotal role in promoting bone development and regulating bone remodeling, ultimately fostering optimal bone health. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential roles of methionine and arginine in intestinal and bone health in poultry, thereby contributing to advancing the nutrition, overall health, and productivity of poultry in a sustainable manner.