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Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Equine colic is a critical and painful illness. Xylazine provides analgesia; sedation and muscle relaxation; and improves anesthetic recoveries in healthy horses. These might be useful for anesthesia in colic patients. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the intraoperative e...

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Autores principales: Ruíz-López, Patricia, Cuypers, Charlotte, Schauvliege, Stijn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10525755/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37760302
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182902
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author Ruíz-López, Patricia
Cuypers, Charlotte
Schauvliege, Stijn
author_facet Ruíz-López, Patricia
Cuypers, Charlotte
Schauvliege, Stijn
author_sort Ruíz-López, Patricia
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Equine colic is a critical and painful illness. Xylazine provides analgesia; sedation and muscle relaxation; and improves anesthetic recoveries in healthy horses. These might be useful for anesthesia in colic patients. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the intraoperative effects, and the influence on recovery from anesthesia, of adding a xylazine infusion (group XL) to isoflurane and lidocaine infusion (group L) for anesthesia maintenance. Cardiovascular parameters, blood gas analyses, anesthetic requirements, and time during recovery were retrospectively studied. Minimal and average heart rate, hematocrit, ketamine requirements and days to discharge were significantly lower in group XL than in group L. Time to sternal and first attempt to stand were significantly longer in group XL than in group L. Group XL showed almost twice the number of ‘best possible’ recoveries and no horses with the worst score. The reductions in heart rate and hematocrit were considered clinically irrelevant. The time to finally stand remained similar in both groups. Xylazine infusion might provide a stable anesthesia since less animals required ketamine. Animals in this group went home sooner and none of them had a dangerous recovery. Xylazine infusion might be a good option for anesthesia maintenance in colic patients. ABSTRACT: This retrospective study investigated the effect of a xylazine infusion on heart rate; mean arterial pressure; blood gases; anesthetic and dobutamine requirements; recovery quality and duration; percentage of death/survival; and days to die/discharge in horses after colic surgery under partial intravenous anesthesia with isoflurane and lidocaine infusion. Anesthetic records of equine colic surgery were reviewed from similar periods in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. In both groups, after sedation with xylazine 0.7 mg/kg intravenously (IV) and induction with ketamine 2.2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.06 mg/kg IV, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and lidocaine (bolus 1.5 mg/kg IV, infusion 2 mg/kg/h). Group L (2020–2021, n = 45) received xylazine 0.2 mg/kg IV before recovery, group XL (2021–2022, n = 44) received xylazine 0.5 mg/kg/h IV intraoperatively. In group XL, minimal (p = 0.04) and average (p = 0.04) heart rate, intraoperative hematocrit (p = 0.001), minimal (p = 0.002) and maximal (p = 0.04) dobutamine administration rate, animals requiring ketamine top-ups (p = 0.04), and the number of days to discharge (p = 0.02), were significantly lower compared to group L. During recovery in group XL, the time to sternal recumbency (p = 0.03) and time to first attempt (p = 0.04) were significantly longer. This retrospective study suggests that a xylazine infusion may have beneficial effects on horses undergoing colic surgery. Further prospective studies are necessary.
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spelling pubmed-105257552023-09-28 Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study Ruíz-López, Patricia Cuypers, Charlotte Schauvliege, Stijn Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Equine colic is a critical and painful illness. Xylazine provides analgesia; sedation and muscle relaxation; and improves anesthetic recoveries in healthy horses. These might be useful for anesthesia in colic patients. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the intraoperative effects, and the influence on recovery from anesthesia, of adding a xylazine infusion (group XL) to isoflurane and lidocaine infusion (group L) for anesthesia maintenance. Cardiovascular parameters, blood gas analyses, anesthetic requirements, and time during recovery were retrospectively studied. Minimal and average heart rate, hematocrit, ketamine requirements and days to discharge were significantly lower in group XL than in group L. Time to sternal and first attempt to stand were significantly longer in group XL than in group L. Group XL showed almost twice the number of ‘best possible’ recoveries and no horses with the worst score. The reductions in heart rate and hematocrit were considered clinically irrelevant. The time to finally stand remained similar in both groups. Xylazine infusion might provide a stable anesthesia since less animals required ketamine. Animals in this group went home sooner and none of them had a dangerous recovery. Xylazine infusion might be a good option for anesthesia maintenance in colic patients. ABSTRACT: This retrospective study investigated the effect of a xylazine infusion on heart rate; mean arterial pressure; blood gases; anesthetic and dobutamine requirements; recovery quality and duration; percentage of death/survival; and days to die/discharge in horses after colic surgery under partial intravenous anesthesia with isoflurane and lidocaine infusion. Anesthetic records of equine colic surgery were reviewed from similar periods in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. In both groups, after sedation with xylazine 0.7 mg/kg intravenously (IV) and induction with ketamine 2.2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.06 mg/kg IV, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and lidocaine (bolus 1.5 mg/kg IV, infusion 2 mg/kg/h). Group L (2020–2021, n = 45) received xylazine 0.2 mg/kg IV before recovery, group XL (2021–2022, n = 44) received xylazine 0.5 mg/kg/h IV intraoperatively. In group XL, minimal (p = 0.04) and average (p = 0.04) heart rate, intraoperative hematocrit (p = 0.001), minimal (p = 0.002) and maximal (p = 0.04) dobutamine administration rate, animals requiring ketamine top-ups (p = 0.04), and the number of days to discharge (p = 0.02), were significantly lower compared to group L. During recovery in group XL, the time to sternal recumbency (p = 0.03) and time to first attempt (p = 0.04) were significantly longer. This retrospective study suggests that a xylazine infusion may have beneficial effects on horses undergoing colic surgery. Further prospective studies are necessary. MDPI 2023-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10525755/ /pubmed/37760302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182902 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ruíz-López, Patricia
Cuypers, Charlotte
Schauvliege, Stijn
Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study
title Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study
title_full Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study
title_fullStr Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study
title_short Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study
title_sort xylazine infusion during equine colic anesthesia with isoflurane and lidocaine: a retrospective study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10525755/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37760302
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182902
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