Novel Advances in Treatment of Meningiomas: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Meningiomas are considered benign lesions and are frequently linked to a lower quality of life. Total surgical resection is the gold standard treatment. Combination treatments that target several molecular targets are becoming available and show great potential as adjuvant treatment alternatives. New classifications of these malignancies and novel therapeutic strategies are now possible thanks to recent developments in genetics, epigenetics, and, specifically, in the identification of specific genetic alterations. Although the outcomes to this point have not been very encouraging, different molecular-focused therapies have undoubtedly attracted a great deal of attention. Recent research has shown that microRNAs may have a role in the biology of meningiomas, allowing them to be used in meningioma treatment plans in the future. ABSTRACT: Meningiomas are the most frequent histotypes of tumors of the central nervous system. Their incidence is approximately 35% of all primary brain tumors. Although they have the status of benign lesions, meningiomas are often associated with a decreased quality of life due to focal neurological deficits that may be related. The optimal treatment is total resection. Histological grading is the most important prognostic factor. Recently, molecular alterations have been identified that are specifically related to particular phenotypes and, probably, are also responsible for grading, site, and prognostic trend. Meningiomas recur in 10–25% of cases. In these cases, and in patients with atypical or anaplastic meningiomas, the methods of approach are relatively insufficient. To date, data on the molecular biology, genetics, and epigenetics of meningiomas are insufficient. To achieve an optimal treatment strategy, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms that regulate tumor formation and progression. Combination therapies affecting multiple molecular targets are currently opening up and have significant promise as adjuvant therapeutic options. We review the most recent literature to identify studies investigating recent therapeutic treatments recently used for meningiomas.