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Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China

Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two m...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Yaohai, Li, Zhixia, Jiao, Bining, Zhao, Qiyang, Wang, Chengqiu, Cui, Yongliang, He, Yue, Li, Jing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528158/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183423
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author Zhang, Yaohai
Li, Zhixia
Jiao, Bining
Zhao, Qiyang
Wang, Chengqiu
Cui, Yongliang
He, Yue
Li, Jing
author_facet Zhang, Yaohai
Li, Zhixia
Jiao, Bining
Zhao, Qiyang
Wang, Chengqiu
Cui, Yongliang
He, Yue
Li, Jing
author_sort Zhang, Yaohai
collection PubMed
description Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two main production areas contained one or multiple residual pesticides. Overall, 30 pesticides were detected, including 16 insecticides, 7 fungicides, 5 acaricides, and 2 plant growth modulators, of which 2 pesticides were already banned. Two or more residual pesticides were discovered in 81% of the samples, and pesticide residues in 9.4% of the samples surpassed the MRLs, such as profenofos, bifenthrin, triazophos, avermectin, spirodiclofen, difenoconazole, and methidathion. The major risk factors on the safety of kumquat fruits before 2019 were profenofos, bifenthrin, and triazophos, but their over-standard frequencies significantly declined after 2019, which was credited to the stricter supervision and management policies by local governments. Despite the high detection rates and multi-residue occurrence of pesticides in kumquat fruits, about 81% of the samples were assessed as qualified. Moreover, the accumulative chronic diet risk determined from ADI is very low. To better protect the health of customers, we shall formulate stricter organic phosphorus pesticide control measures and stricter use guidelines, especially for methidathion, triazophos, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos. This study provides potential data for the design of kumquat fruit quality and safety control guidelines and for the reduction in health risks to humans.
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spelling pubmed-105281582023-09-28 Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China Zhang, Yaohai Li, Zhixia Jiao, Bining Zhao, Qiyang Wang, Chengqiu Cui, Yongliang He, Yue Li, Jing Foods Article Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two main production areas contained one or multiple residual pesticides. Overall, 30 pesticides were detected, including 16 insecticides, 7 fungicides, 5 acaricides, and 2 plant growth modulators, of which 2 pesticides were already banned. Two or more residual pesticides were discovered in 81% of the samples, and pesticide residues in 9.4% of the samples surpassed the MRLs, such as profenofos, bifenthrin, triazophos, avermectin, spirodiclofen, difenoconazole, and methidathion. The major risk factors on the safety of kumquat fruits before 2019 were profenofos, bifenthrin, and triazophos, but their over-standard frequencies significantly declined after 2019, which was credited to the stricter supervision and management policies by local governments. Despite the high detection rates and multi-residue occurrence of pesticides in kumquat fruits, about 81% of the samples were assessed as qualified. Moreover, the accumulative chronic diet risk determined from ADI is very low. To better protect the health of customers, we shall formulate stricter organic phosphorus pesticide control measures and stricter use guidelines, especially for methidathion, triazophos, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos. This study provides potential data for the design of kumquat fruit quality and safety control guidelines and for the reduction in health risks to humans. MDPI 2023-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10528158/ /pubmed/37761133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183423 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Yaohai
Li, Zhixia
Jiao, Bining
Zhao, Qiyang
Wang, Chengqiu
Cui, Yongliang
He, Yue
Li, Jing
Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China
title Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China
title_full Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China
title_fullStr Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China
title_full_unstemmed Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China
title_short Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China
title_sort determination, quality, and health assessment of pesticide residues in kumquat in china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528158/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761133
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183423
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