Ectopic Permanent Molars: A Review

Ectopic permanent molar is a condition in which the permanent tooth deviates from its normal path of eruption. The etiology of this eruption anomaly is multifactorial, with both general and local factors. The principal results suggest that a valid indicator of irreversible consequences is the degree of impaction of the first permanent molar. Self-correction is most common between the ages of 7 and 8, after which help may be required. Accordingly, early management can assist in preventing subsequent potential challenges that could interfere with maintaining a balanced occlusion. Several variables, including the degree of mesial tilting, the level of root resorption, and the condition of the second primary molar, may be crucial in choosing the most effective method of treatment. Interproximal wedging and distal tipping are the two basic therapeutic strategies for ectopic permanent molars. Additionally, the use of fixed or removable appliances might also be required. Delaying treatment until a later stage is not recommended because early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ectopic permanent molars, including their prevalence, etiologic factors, self-correction rates, clinical implications for adjacent teeth, and various treatment techniques, that emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention in the successful management of ectopic permanent molars. In addition, it highlights the importance of future research into the contributing variables of irreversible ectopic molar outcomes.