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Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review

Background: First episode of psychosis (FEP) is a clinical condition that usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and is often a sign of a future psychiatric disease. However, these symptoms are not specific, and psychosis can be caused by a physical disease in at least 5% of cases. Tim...

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Autores principales: Dissaux, Nolwenn, Neyme, Pierre, Kim-Dufor, Deok-Hee, Lavenne-Collot, Nathalie, Marsh, Jonathan J., Berrouiguet, Sofian, Walter, Michel, Lemey, Christophe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10091439
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author Dissaux, Nolwenn
Neyme, Pierre
Kim-Dufor, Deok-Hee
Lavenne-Collot, Nathalie
Marsh, Jonathan J.
Berrouiguet, Sofian
Walter, Michel
Lemey, Christophe
author_facet Dissaux, Nolwenn
Neyme, Pierre
Kim-Dufor, Deok-Hee
Lavenne-Collot, Nathalie
Marsh, Jonathan J.
Berrouiguet, Sofian
Walter, Michel
Lemey, Christophe
author_sort Dissaux, Nolwenn
collection PubMed
description Background: First episode of psychosis (FEP) is a clinical condition that usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and is often a sign of a future psychiatric disease. However, these symptoms are not specific, and psychosis can be caused by a physical disease in at least 5% of cases. Timely detection of these diseases, the first signs of which may appear in childhood, is of particular importance, as a curable treatment exists in most cases. However, there is no consensus in academic societies to offer recommendations for a comprehensive medical assessment to eliminate somatic causes. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search using a two-fold research strategy to: (1) identify physical diseases that can be differentially diagnosed for psychosis; and (2) determine the paraclinical exams allowing us to exclude these pathologies. Results: We identified 85 articles describing the autoimmune, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and genetic differential diagnoses of psychosis. Clinical presentations are described, and a complete list of laboratory and imaging features required to identify and confirm these diseases is provided. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that most differential diagnoses of psychosis should be considered in the case of a FEP and could be identified by providing a systematic checkup with a laboratory test that includes ammonemia, antinuclear and anti-NMDA antibodies, and HIV testing; brain magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar puncture should be considered according to the clinical presentation. Genetic research could be of interest to patients presenting with physical or developmental symptoms associated with psychiatric manifestations.
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spelling pubmed-105298542023-09-28 Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review Dissaux, Nolwenn Neyme, Pierre Kim-Dufor, Deok-Hee Lavenne-Collot, Nathalie Marsh, Jonathan J. Berrouiguet, Sofian Walter, Michel Lemey, Christophe Children (Basel) Review Background: First episode of psychosis (FEP) is a clinical condition that usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and is often a sign of a future psychiatric disease. However, these symptoms are not specific, and psychosis can be caused by a physical disease in at least 5% of cases. Timely detection of these diseases, the first signs of which may appear in childhood, is of particular importance, as a curable treatment exists in most cases. However, there is no consensus in academic societies to offer recommendations for a comprehensive medical assessment to eliminate somatic causes. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search using a two-fold research strategy to: (1) identify physical diseases that can be differentially diagnosed for psychosis; and (2) determine the paraclinical exams allowing us to exclude these pathologies. Results: We identified 85 articles describing the autoimmune, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and genetic differential diagnoses of psychosis. Clinical presentations are described, and a complete list of laboratory and imaging features required to identify and confirm these diseases is provided. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that most differential diagnoses of psychosis should be considered in the case of a FEP and could be identified by providing a systematic checkup with a laboratory test that includes ammonemia, antinuclear and anti-NMDA antibodies, and HIV testing; brain magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar puncture should be considered according to the clinical presentation. Genetic research could be of interest to patients presenting with physical or developmental symptoms associated with psychiatric manifestations. MDPI 2023-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10529854/ /pubmed/37761400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10091439 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dissaux, Nolwenn
Neyme, Pierre
Kim-Dufor, Deok-Hee
Lavenne-Collot, Nathalie
Marsh, Jonathan J.
Berrouiguet, Sofian
Walter, Michel
Lemey, Christophe
Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review
title Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review
title_full Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review
title_fullStr Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review
title_short Psychosis Caused by a Somatic Condition: How to Make the Diagnosis? A Systematic Literature Review
title_sort psychosis caused by a somatic condition: how to make the diagnosis? a systematic literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10091439
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