The Utility and Safety of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in Asphyxiated Neonates during Therapeutic Hypothermia

Background: The present study was designed to assess the feasibility and reliability of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in a population of asphyxiated neonates during therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: This non-randomized feasibility study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities of Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCSS. Infants matching the criteria for hypothermic treatment were included in this study and were connected to the CGMS (Medtronic, Northridge, CA, USA) within the first 12 h of life. Hypoglycemia was defined as a glucose value ≤ 47 mg/dL, and hyperglycemia was defined as a glucose value ≥ 180 mg/dL. Data obtained via the CGMS were compared with those obtained via a point-of-care blood glucometer (GTX). Results: The two measuring techniques were compared using the Modified Clarke Error Grid (MCEG). Sixteen infants were enrolled. The sensor had an average (standard deviation) duration of 93 (38) h. We collected 119 pairs of glycemia values (CGMVs) from the CGMS vs. GTX measurements. The CGMS detected twenty-five episodes of hypoglycemia and three episodes of hyperglycemia. All the CGMVs indicating hyperglycemia matched with the blood sample taken via the point-of-care glucometer. Conclusions: The use of a CGMS would be useful as it could detect more episodes of disglycemia than standard care. Our data show poor results in terms of the accuracy of the CGMS in this particular setting.