Polyarteritis nodosa in a patient with chronic hepatitis B following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report

Different types of vasculitis have been reported after various vaccine administrations. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was one of the most common vaccine-induced vasculitis. Herein, we describe a 56-year-old male patient with chronic hepatitis B who presented with abdominal pain for 2 days, which was associated with vomiting and bloody diarrhea. He had a history of petechial rash for 25 days, multiple joint pain and lower limb weakness after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. A skin biopsy showed medium-sized vessel vasculitis. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) was diagnosed depending on the American College of Rheumatology criteria. He was treated with steroids, plasmapheresis and antiviral medication with a good prognosis. In patients with a past medical history of chronic hepatitis B, the covid vaccine may be associated with an increased risk of developing a PAN, so clinicians should suspect the occurrence of this disease after COVID-19 vaccination.