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Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies

In an ever-increasing aged world, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the first cause of dementia and one of the first chronic diseases in elderly people. With 55 million people affected, the WHO considers AD to be a disease with public priority. Unfortunately, there are no final cures for this path...

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Autores principales: Buccellato, Francesca R., D’Anca, Marianna, Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino, Del Fabbro, Massimo, Scarpini, Elio, Galimberti, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531090/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762203
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813900
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author Buccellato, Francesca R.
D’Anca, Marianna
Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino
Del Fabbro, Massimo
Scarpini, Elio
Galimberti, Daniela
author_facet Buccellato, Francesca R.
D’Anca, Marianna
Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino
Del Fabbro, Massimo
Scarpini, Elio
Galimberti, Daniela
author_sort Buccellato, Francesca R.
collection PubMed
description In an ever-increasing aged world, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the first cause of dementia and one of the first chronic diseases in elderly people. With 55 million people affected, the WHO considers AD to be a disease with public priority. Unfortunately, there are no final cures for this pathology. Treatment strategies are aimed to mitigate symptoms, i.e., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) and the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist Memantine. At present, the best approaches for managing the disease seem to combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to stimulate cognitive reserve. Over the last twenty years, a number of drugs have been discovered acting on the well-established biological hallmarks of AD, deposition of β-amyloid aggregates and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in cells. Although previous efforts disappointed expectations, a new era in treating AD has been working its way recently. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave conditional approval of the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for the treatment of AD, aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed against Aβ plaques and oligomers in 2021, and in January 2023, the FDA granted accelerated approval for a second monoclonal antibody, Lecanemab. This review describes ongoing clinical trials with DMTs and non-pharmacological therapies. We will also present a future scenario based on new biomarkers that can detect AD in preclinical or prodromal stages, identify people at risk of developing AD, and allow an early and curative treatment.
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spelling pubmed-105310902023-09-28 Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies Buccellato, Francesca R. D’Anca, Marianna Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino Del Fabbro, Massimo Scarpini, Elio Galimberti, Daniela Int J Mol Sci Review In an ever-increasing aged world, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the first cause of dementia and one of the first chronic diseases in elderly people. With 55 million people affected, the WHO considers AD to be a disease with public priority. Unfortunately, there are no final cures for this pathology. Treatment strategies are aimed to mitigate symptoms, i.e., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) and the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist Memantine. At present, the best approaches for managing the disease seem to combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies to stimulate cognitive reserve. Over the last twenty years, a number of drugs have been discovered acting on the well-established biological hallmarks of AD, deposition of β-amyloid aggregates and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in cells. Although previous efforts disappointed expectations, a new era in treating AD has been working its way recently. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave conditional approval of the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for the treatment of AD, aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed against Aβ plaques and oligomers in 2021, and in January 2023, the FDA granted accelerated approval for a second monoclonal antibody, Lecanemab. This review describes ongoing clinical trials with DMTs and non-pharmacological therapies. We will also present a future scenario based on new biomarkers that can detect AD in preclinical or prodromal stages, identify people at risk of developing AD, and allow an early and curative treatment. MDPI 2023-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10531090/ /pubmed/37762203 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813900 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Buccellato, Francesca R.
D’Anca, Marianna
Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino
Del Fabbro, Massimo
Scarpini, Elio
Galimberti, Daniela
Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
title Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
title_full Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
title_fullStr Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
title_full_unstemmed Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
title_short Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
title_sort treatment of alzheimer’s disease: beyond symptomatic therapies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531090/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762203
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813900
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