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Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development

The reproductive homeobox on the X chromosome (RHOX) genes were first identified in the mouse during the 1990s and have a crucial role in reproduction. In various transcription factors with a key regulatory role, the homeobox sequence encodes a “homeodomain” DNA-binding motif. In the mouse, there ar...

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Autores principales: Le Beulze, Morgane, Daubech, Cécile, Balde-Camara, Aissatu, Ghieh, Farah, Vialard, François
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761825
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14091685
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author Le Beulze, Morgane
Daubech, Cécile
Balde-Camara, Aissatu
Ghieh, Farah
Vialard, François
author_facet Le Beulze, Morgane
Daubech, Cécile
Balde-Camara, Aissatu
Ghieh, Farah
Vialard, François
author_sort Le Beulze, Morgane
collection PubMed
description The reproductive homeobox on the X chromosome (RHOX) genes were first identified in the mouse during the 1990s and have a crucial role in reproduction. In various transcription factors with a key regulatory role, the homeobox sequence encodes a “homeodomain” DNA-binding motif. In the mouse, there are three clusters of Rhox genes (α, β, and γ) on the X chromosome. Each cluster shows temporal and/or quantitative collinearity, which regulates the progression of the embryonic development process. Although the RHOX family is conserved in mammals, the interspecies differences in the number of RHOX genes and pseudogenes testifies to a rich evolutionary history with several relatively recent events. In the mouse, Rhox genes are mainly expressed in reproductive tissues, and several have a role in the differentiation of primordial germ cells (Rhox1, Rhox6, and Rhox10) and in spermatogenesis (Rhox1, Rhox8, and Rhox13). Despite the lack of detailed data on human RHOX, these genes appear to be involved in the formation of germ cells because they are predominantly expressed during the early (RHOXF1) and late (RHOXF2/F2B) stages of germ cell development. Furthermore, the few variants identified to date are thought to induce or predispose to impaired spermatogenesis and severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. In the future, research on the pathophysiology of the human RHOX genes is likely to confirm the essential role of this family in the reproductive process and might help us to better understand the various causes of infertility and characterize the associated human phenotypes.
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spelling pubmed-105311752023-09-28 Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development Le Beulze, Morgane Daubech, Cécile Balde-Camara, Aissatu Ghieh, Farah Vialard, François Genes (Basel) Review The reproductive homeobox on the X chromosome (RHOX) genes were first identified in the mouse during the 1990s and have a crucial role in reproduction. In various transcription factors with a key regulatory role, the homeobox sequence encodes a “homeodomain” DNA-binding motif. In the mouse, there are three clusters of Rhox genes (α, β, and γ) on the X chromosome. Each cluster shows temporal and/or quantitative collinearity, which regulates the progression of the embryonic development process. Although the RHOX family is conserved in mammals, the interspecies differences in the number of RHOX genes and pseudogenes testifies to a rich evolutionary history with several relatively recent events. In the mouse, Rhox genes are mainly expressed in reproductive tissues, and several have a role in the differentiation of primordial germ cells (Rhox1, Rhox6, and Rhox10) and in spermatogenesis (Rhox1, Rhox8, and Rhox13). Despite the lack of detailed data on human RHOX, these genes appear to be involved in the formation of germ cells because they are predominantly expressed during the early (RHOXF1) and late (RHOXF2/F2B) stages of germ cell development. Furthermore, the few variants identified to date are thought to induce or predispose to impaired spermatogenesis and severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. In the future, research on the pathophysiology of the human RHOX genes is likely to confirm the essential role of this family in the reproductive process and might help us to better understand the various causes of infertility and characterize the associated human phenotypes. MDPI 2023-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10531175/ /pubmed/37761825 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14091685 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Le Beulze, Morgane
Daubech, Cécile
Balde-Camara, Aissatu
Ghieh, Farah
Vialard, François
Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development
title Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development
title_full Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development
title_fullStr Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development
title_full_unstemmed Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development
title_short Mammal Reproductive Homeobox (Rhox) Genes: An Update of Their Involvement in Reproduction and Development
title_sort mammal reproductive homeobox (rhox) genes: an update of their involvement in reproduction and development
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37761825
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14091685
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