Overview and prospect of NAFLD: Significant roles of nutrients and dietary patterns in its progression or prevention

NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver, and usually evolves from steatohepatitis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even HCC. Its incidence is rapidly rising in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Current therapies are limited to lifestyle changes including dietary intervention and exercise, in which dietary modification exerts an important part in losing weight and preventing NAFLD. In this review, we briefly discuss the roles and mechanisms of dietary components including fructose, non-nutritive sweeteners, fat, proteins, and vitamins in the progression or prevention of NAFLD. We also summarize several popular dietary patterns such as calorie-restricted diets, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diets, Mediterranean diets, and dietary approach to stop hypertension diets and compare the effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets in preventing the development of NAFLD. Moreover, we summarize the potential drugs targeting metabolic-related targets in NAFLD.