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Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a rheumatic disease characterized by sicca and extraglandular symptoms, such as interstitial lung disease and renal tubular acidosis. SS potentially affects the prognosis of patients, especially in cases of complicated extraglandular symptoms; however, only symptomatic the...

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Autores principales: Horai, Yoshiro, Shimizu, Toshimasa, Umeda, Masataka, Nishihata, Shin-Ya, Nakamura, Hideki, Kawakami, Atsushi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762814
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185873
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author Horai, Yoshiro
Shimizu, Toshimasa
Umeda, Masataka
Nishihata, Shin-Ya
Nakamura, Hideki
Kawakami, Atsushi
author_facet Horai, Yoshiro
Shimizu, Toshimasa
Umeda, Masataka
Nishihata, Shin-Ya
Nakamura, Hideki
Kawakami, Atsushi
author_sort Horai, Yoshiro
collection PubMed
description Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a rheumatic disease characterized by sicca and extraglandular symptoms, such as interstitial lung disease and renal tubular acidosis. SS potentially affects the prognosis of patients, especially in cases of complicated extraglandular symptoms; however, only symptomatic therapies against xerophthalmia and xerostomia are currently included in the practice guidelines as recommended therapies for SS. Considering that SS is presumed to be a multifactorial entity caused by genetic and environmental factors, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to clarify the whole picture of its pathogenesis and to develop disease-specific therapies for SS. This review discusses past achievements and future prospects for pursuing the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets for SS, especially from the perspectives of viral infections, toll-like receptors (TLRs), long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and related signals. Based on the emerging roles of viral infections, TLRs, long-noncoding RNAs and related signals, antiviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine, and vitamin D may lower the risk of or mitigate SS. Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors are also potential novel therapeutic options for several rheumatic diseases involving the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways, which are yet to be ascertained in a randomized controlled study targeting SS.
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spelling pubmed-105315512023-09-28 Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs Horai, Yoshiro Shimizu, Toshimasa Umeda, Masataka Nishihata, Shin-Ya Nakamura, Hideki Kawakami, Atsushi J Clin Med Review Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a rheumatic disease characterized by sicca and extraglandular symptoms, such as interstitial lung disease and renal tubular acidosis. SS potentially affects the prognosis of patients, especially in cases of complicated extraglandular symptoms; however, only symptomatic therapies against xerophthalmia and xerostomia are currently included in the practice guidelines as recommended therapies for SS. Considering that SS is presumed to be a multifactorial entity caused by genetic and environmental factors, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to clarify the whole picture of its pathogenesis and to develop disease-specific therapies for SS. This review discusses past achievements and future prospects for pursuing the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets for SS, especially from the perspectives of viral infections, toll-like receptors (TLRs), long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and related signals. Based on the emerging roles of viral infections, TLRs, long-noncoding RNAs and related signals, antiviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine, and vitamin D may lower the risk of or mitigate SS. Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors are also potential novel therapeutic options for several rheumatic diseases involving the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways, which are yet to be ascertained in a randomized controlled study targeting SS. MDPI 2023-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10531551/ /pubmed/37762814 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185873 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Horai, Yoshiro
Shimizu, Toshimasa
Umeda, Masataka
Nishihata, Shin-Ya
Nakamura, Hideki
Kawakami, Atsushi
Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs
title Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs
title_full Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs
title_fullStr Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs
title_full_unstemmed Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs
title_short Current Views on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Review from the Perspective of Viral Infections, Toll-like Receptors, and Long-Noncoding RNAs
title_sort current views on pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets in sjögren’s syndrome: a review from the perspective of viral infections, toll-like receptors, and long-noncoding rnas
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762814
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185873
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