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Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic since 2020, and depending on the SARS-CoV-2 mutation, different pandemic waves have been observed. The aim of this study was to compare the baseline characteristics of patients in two phases of the pandemic and evaluate possible pre...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531654/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185904 |
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author | Karageorgou, Vagia Papaioannou, Andriana I. Kallieri, Maria Blizou, Myrto Lampadakis, Stefanos Sfika, Maria Krouskos, Antonios Papavasileiou, Vasileios Strakosha, Franceska Vandorou, Kalliopi Theoni Siozos, Pavlos Moustaka Christodoulou, Marina Kontonasiou, Georgia Apollonatou, Vasiliki Antonogiannaki, Elvira Markella Kyriakopoulos, Christos Aggelopoulou, Christina Chronis, Christos Kostikas, Konstantinos Koukaki, Evangelia Sotiropoulou, Zoi Athanasopoulou, Athanasia Bakakos, Petros Schoini, Pinelopi Alevrakis, Emmanouil Poupos, Sotirios Chondrou, Evangelia Tsoukalas, Dionisios Chronaiou, Alexia Tsoukalas, George Koukidou, Sofia Hillas, Georgios Dimakou, Katerina Roukas, Konstantinos Nakou, Ifigeneia Chloros, Diamantis Fouka, Evangelia Papiris, Spyros A. Loukides, Stelios |
author_facet | Karageorgou, Vagia Papaioannou, Andriana I. Kallieri, Maria Blizou, Myrto Lampadakis, Stefanos Sfika, Maria Krouskos, Antonios Papavasileiou, Vasileios Strakosha, Franceska Vandorou, Kalliopi Theoni Siozos, Pavlos Moustaka Christodoulou, Marina Kontonasiou, Georgia Apollonatou, Vasiliki Antonogiannaki, Elvira Markella Kyriakopoulos, Christos Aggelopoulou, Christina Chronis, Christos Kostikas, Konstantinos Koukaki, Evangelia Sotiropoulou, Zoi Athanasopoulou, Athanasia Bakakos, Petros Schoini, Pinelopi Alevrakis, Emmanouil Poupos, Sotirios Chondrou, Evangelia Tsoukalas, Dionisios Chronaiou, Alexia Tsoukalas, George Koukidou, Sofia Hillas, Georgios Dimakou, Katerina Roukas, Konstantinos Nakou, Ifigeneia Chloros, Diamantis Fouka, Evangelia Papiris, Spyros A. Loukides, Stelios |
author_sort | Karageorgou, Vagia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic since 2020, and depending on the SARS-CoV-2 mutation, different pandemic waves have been observed. The aim of this study was to compare the baseline characteristics of patients in two phases of the pandemic and evaluate possible predictors of mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter observational study that included patients with COVID-19 in 4 different centers in Greece. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the period during which they were infected during the Delta and Omicron variant predominance. Results: A total of 979 patients (433 Delta, 546 Omicron) were included in the study (median age 67 years (54, 81); 452 [46.2%] female). Compared to the Omicron period, the patients during the Delta period were younger (median age [IQR] 65 [51, 77] vs. 70 [55, 83] years, p < 0.001) and required a longer duration of hospitalization (8 [6, 13] vs. 7 [5, 12] days, p = 0.001), had higher procalcitonin levels (ng/mL): 0.08 [0.05, 0.17] vs. 0.06 [0.02, 0.16], p = 0.005, ferritin levels (ng/mL): 301 [159, 644] vs. 239 [128, 473], p = 0.002, C- reactive protein levels (mg/L): 40.4 [16.7, 98.5] vs. 31.8 [11.9, 81.7], p = 0.003, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (U/L): 277 [221, 375] vs. 255 [205, 329], p < 0.001. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was lower (3 [0, 5] vs. 4 [1, 6], p < 0.001), and the extent of disease on computed tomography (CT) was greater during the Delta wave (p < 0.001). No evidence of a difference in risk of death or admission to the intensive care unit was found between the two groups. Age, cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury during hospitalization, extent of disease on chest CT, D-dimer, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values were identified as independent predictors of mortality for patients in the Delta period. Cardiovascular events and acute liver injury during hospitalization and the PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio on admission were identified as independent predictors of mortality for patients in the Omicron period. Conclusions: In the Omicron wave, patients were older with a higher number of comorbidities, but patients with the Delta variant had more severe disease and a longer duration of hospitalization. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10531654 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105316542023-09-28 Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality Karageorgou, Vagia Papaioannou, Andriana I. Kallieri, Maria Blizou, Myrto Lampadakis, Stefanos Sfika, Maria Krouskos, Antonios Papavasileiou, Vasileios Strakosha, Franceska Vandorou, Kalliopi Theoni Siozos, Pavlos Moustaka Christodoulou, Marina Kontonasiou, Georgia Apollonatou, Vasiliki Antonogiannaki, Elvira Markella Kyriakopoulos, Christos Aggelopoulou, Christina Chronis, Christos Kostikas, Konstantinos Koukaki, Evangelia Sotiropoulou, Zoi Athanasopoulou, Athanasia Bakakos, Petros Schoini, Pinelopi Alevrakis, Emmanouil Poupos, Sotirios Chondrou, Evangelia Tsoukalas, Dionisios Chronaiou, Alexia Tsoukalas, George Koukidou, Sofia Hillas, Georgios Dimakou, Katerina Roukas, Konstantinos Nakou, Ifigeneia Chloros, Diamantis Fouka, Evangelia Papiris, Spyros A. Loukides, Stelios J Clin Med Article Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic since 2020, and depending on the SARS-CoV-2 mutation, different pandemic waves have been observed. The aim of this study was to compare the baseline characteristics of patients in two phases of the pandemic and evaluate possible predictors of mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter observational study that included patients with COVID-19 in 4 different centers in Greece. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the period during which they were infected during the Delta and Omicron variant predominance. Results: A total of 979 patients (433 Delta, 546 Omicron) were included in the study (median age 67 years (54, 81); 452 [46.2%] female). Compared to the Omicron period, the patients during the Delta period were younger (median age [IQR] 65 [51, 77] vs. 70 [55, 83] years, p < 0.001) and required a longer duration of hospitalization (8 [6, 13] vs. 7 [5, 12] days, p = 0.001), had higher procalcitonin levels (ng/mL): 0.08 [0.05, 0.17] vs. 0.06 [0.02, 0.16], p = 0.005, ferritin levels (ng/mL): 301 [159, 644] vs. 239 [128, 473], p = 0.002, C- reactive protein levels (mg/L): 40.4 [16.7, 98.5] vs. 31.8 [11.9, 81.7], p = 0.003, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (U/L): 277 [221, 375] vs. 255 [205, 329], p < 0.001. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was lower (3 [0, 5] vs. 4 [1, 6], p < 0.001), and the extent of disease on computed tomography (CT) was greater during the Delta wave (p < 0.001). No evidence of a difference in risk of death or admission to the intensive care unit was found between the two groups. Age, cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury during hospitalization, extent of disease on chest CT, D-dimer, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values were identified as independent predictors of mortality for patients in the Delta period. Cardiovascular events and acute liver injury during hospitalization and the PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio on admission were identified as independent predictors of mortality for patients in the Omicron period. Conclusions: In the Omicron wave, patients were older with a higher number of comorbidities, but patients with the Delta variant had more severe disease and a longer duration of hospitalization. MDPI 2023-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10531654/ /pubmed/37762846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185904 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Karageorgou, Vagia Papaioannou, Andriana I. Kallieri, Maria Blizou, Myrto Lampadakis, Stefanos Sfika, Maria Krouskos, Antonios Papavasileiou, Vasileios Strakosha, Franceska Vandorou, Kalliopi Theoni Siozos, Pavlos Moustaka Christodoulou, Marina Kontonasiou, Georgia Apollonatou, Vasiliki Antonogiannaki, Elvira Markella Kyriakopoulos, Christos Aggelopoulou, Christina Chronis, Christos Kostikas, Konstantinos Koukaki, Evangelia Sotiropoulou, Zoi Athanasopoulou, Athanasia Bakakos, Petros Schoini, Pinelopi Alevrakis, Emmanouil Poupos, Sotirios Chondrou, Evangelia Tsoukalas, Dionisios Chronaiou, Alexia Tsoukalas, George Koukidou, Sofia Hillas, Georgios Dimakou, Katerina Roukas, Konstantinos Nakou, Ifigeneia Chloros, Diamantis Fouka, Evangelia Papiris, Spyros A. Loukides, Stelios Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality |
title | Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality |
title_full | Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality |
title_fullStr | Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality |
title_full_unstemmed | Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality |
title_short | Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Dominance in Greece: Determinants of Severity and Mortality |
title_sort | patients hospitalized for covid-19 in the periods of delta and omicron variant dominance in greece: determinants of severity and mortality |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531654/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185904 |
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