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Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis

With their distinctive core–shell design, core–shell nanocrystals have drawn interest in catalysis, medicinal research, and nanotechnology. These nanocrystals have a variety of characteristics and possible uses. The application of core–shell nanocrystals offers significant potential in increasing di...

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Autores principales: Das, Kishan, Bhatt, Neelima, Parambil, Ajith Manayil, Kumari, Kajal, Kumar, Raj, Rawat, Kamla, Rajamani, Paulraj, Bohidar, Himadri B., Nadeem, Ahmed, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Meena, Ramovatar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37754862
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090448
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author Das, Kishan
Bhatt, Neelima
Parambil, Ajith Manayil
Kumari, Kajal
Kumar, Raj
Rawat, Kamla
Rajamani, Paulraj
Bohidar, Himadri B.
Nadeem, Ahmed
Muthupandian, Saravanan
Meena, Ramovatar
author_facet Das, Kishan
Bhatt, Neelima
Parambil, Ajith Manayil
Kumari, Kajal
Kumar, Raj
Rawat, Kamla
Rajamani, Paulraj
Bohidar, Himadri B.
Nadeem, Ahmed
Muthupandian, Saravanan
Meena, Ramovatar
author_sort Das, Kishan
collection PubMed
description With their distinctive core–shell design, core–shell nanocrystals have drawn interest in catalysis, medicinal research, and nanotechnology. These nanocrystals have a variety of characteristics and possible uses. The application of core–shell nanocrystals offers significant potential in increasing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer research in apoptosis and in vitro cancer cell imaging. In the present study, we investigated the fluorescence behavior of hydrophilic CdSe (core-only) and CdSe@CdS (core–shell) nanocrystals (NCs) and their potential in cancer cell imaging. The addition of a CdS coating to CdSe NCs increased the fluorescence intensity tenfold. The successful fabrication of core–shell CdSe@CdS nanocrystals was proven by a larger particle size (evaluated via DLS and TEM) and their XRD pattern and surface morphology compared to CdSe (core-only) NCs. When these NCs were used for bioimaging in MCF-7 and HEK-293 cell lines, they demonstrated excellent cellular uptake due to higher fluorescence intensity within cancerous cells than normal cells. Comparative cytotoxicity studies revealed that CdSe NCs were more toxic to all three cell lines (HEK-293, MCF-7, and HeLa) than CdSe@CdS core–shell structures. Furthermore, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ROS production supported NCs inducing oxidative stress, which led to apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Increased cytochrome c levels, regulation of pro-apoptotic gene expression (e.g., p53, Bax), and down-regulation of Bcl-2 all suggested cellular apoptosis occurred via the intrinsic pathway. Significantly, at an equivalent dose of core–shell NCs, core-only NCs induced more oxidative stress, resulting in increased apoptosis. These findings shed light on the role of a CdS surface coating in reducing free radical release, decreasing cytotoxicity, and improving fluorescence, advancing the field of cell imaging.
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spelling pubmed-105317212023-09-28 Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis Das, Kishan Bhatt, Neelima Parambil, Ajith Manayil Kumari, Kajal Kumar, Raj Rawat, Kamla Rajamani, Paulraj Bohidar, Himadri B. Nadeem, Ahmed Muthupandian, Saravanan Meena, Ramovatar J Funct Biomater Article With their distinctive core–shell design, core–shell nanocrystals have drawn interest in catalysis, medicinal research, and nanotechnology. These nanocrystals have a variety of characteristics and possible uses. The application of core–shell nanocrystals offers significant potential in increasing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer research in apoptosis and in vitro cancer cell imaging. In the present study, we investigated the fluorescence behavior of hydrophilic CdSe (core-only) and CdSe@CdS (core–shell) nanocrystals (NCs) and their potential in cancer cell imaging. The addition of a CdS coating to CdSe NCs increased the fluorescence intensity tenfold. The successful fabrication of core–shell CdSe@CdS nanocrystals was proven by a larger particle size (evaluated via DLS and TEM) and their XRD pattern and surface morphology compared to CdSe (core-only) NCs. When these NCs were used for bioimaging in MCF-7 and HEK-293 cell lines, they demonstrated excellent cellular uptake due to higher fluorescence intensity within cancerous cells than normal cells. Comparative cytotoxicity studies revealed that CdSe NCs were more toxic to all three cell lines (HEK-293, MCF-7, and HeLa) than CdSe@CdS core–shell structures. Furthermore, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ROS production supported NCs inducing oxidative stress, which led to apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Increased cytochrome c levels, regulation of pro-apoptotic gene expression (e.g., p53, Bax), and down-regulation of Bcl-2 all suggested cellular apoptosis occurred via the intrinsic pathway. Significantly, at an equivalent dose of core–shell NCs, core-only NCs induced more oxidative stress, resulting in increased apoptosis. These findings shed light on the role of a CdS surface coating in reducing free radical release, decreasing cytotoxicity, and improving fluorescence, advancing the field of cell imaging. MDPI 2023-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10531721/ /pubmed/37754862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090448 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Das, Kishan
Bhatt, Neelima
Parambil, Ajith Manayil
Kumari, Kajal
Kumar, Raj
Rawat, Kamla
Rajamani, Paulraj
Bohidar, Himadri B.
Nadeem, Ahmed
Muthupandian, Saravanan
Meena, Ramovatar
Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis
title Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis
title_full Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis
title_fullStr Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis
title_short Divergent Responses of Hydrophilic CdSe and CdSe@CdS Core–Shell Nanocrystals in Apoptosis and In Vitro Cancer Cell Imaging: A Comparative Analysis
title_sort divergent responses of hydrophilic cdse and cdse@cds core–shell nanocrystals in apoptosis and in vitro cancer cell imaging: a comparative analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10531721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37754862
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090448
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