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Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential part in controlling gene expression and a variety of biological processes such as immune defense and stress-response. However, whether and how lncRNAs regulate responses of Apis cerana larvae to Ascosphaera apis invasion has remained unclear until now...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10532054/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814175 |
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author | Guo, Rui Wang, Siyi Guo, Sijia Fan, Xiaoxue Zang, He Gao, Xuze Jing, Xin Liu, Zhitan Na, Zhihao Zou, Peiyuan Chen, Dafu |
author_facet | Guo, Rui Wang, Siyi Guo, Sijia Fan, Xiaoxue Zang, He Gao, Xuze Jing, Xin Liu, Zhitan Na, Zhihao Zou, Peiyuan Chen, Dafu |
author_sort | Guo, Rui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential part in controlling gene expression and a variety of biological processes such as immune defense and stress-response. However, whether and how lncRNAs regulate responses of Apis cerana larvae to Ascosphaera apis invasion has remained unclear until now. Here, the identification and structural analysis of lncRNAs in the guts of A. cerana worker larvae were conducted, and the expression profile of larval lncRNAs during the A. apis infection process was then analyzed, followed by an investigation of the regulatory roles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in the host response. In total, 76 sense lncRNAs, 836 antisense lncRNAs, 184 intron lncRNAs, 362 bidirectional lncRNAs, and 2181 intron lncRNAs were discovered in the larval guts. Additionally, 30 known and 9 novel lncRNAs were potential precursors for 36 and 11 miRNAs, respectively. In the three comparison groups, 386, 351, and 272 DElncRNAs were respectively identified, indicating the change in the overall expression pattern of host lncRNAs following the A. apis invasion. Analysis of cis-acting effect showed that DElncRNAs in the 4-, 5-, and 6-day-old comparison groups putatively regulated 55, 30, and 20 up- and down-stream genes, respectively, which were involved in a series of crucial functional terms and pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway, and cell process. Analysis showed that 31, 8, and 11 DElncRNAs as potential antisense lncRNAs may interact with 26, 8, and 9 sense-strand mRNAs. Moreover, investigation of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network indicated that 148, 283, and 257 DElncRNAs were putatively regulated. The expression of target genes by targeting corresponding DEmiRNAs included those associated with antioxidant enzymes and immune responses. These results suggested that DElncRNAs played a potential part in the larval guts responding to the A. apis infection through a cis-acting manner and ceRNA mechanisms. Our findings deepen our understanding of interactions between A. cerana larvae and A. apis and offer a basis for clarifying the DElncRNA-mediated mechanisms underlying the host response to fungal invasion. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10532054 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105320542023-09-28 Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion Guo, Rui Wang, Siyi Guo, Sijia Fan, Xiaoxue Zang, He Gao, Xuze Jing, Xin Liu, Zhitan Na, Zhihao Zou, Peiyuan Chen, Dafu Int J Mol Sci Article Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential part in controlling gene expression and a variety of biological processes such as immune defense and stress-response. However, whether and how lncRNAs regulate responses of Apis cerana larvae to Ascosphaera apis invasion has remained unclear until now. Here, the identification and structural analysis of lncRNAs in the guts of A. cerana worker larvae were conducted, and the expression profile of larval lncRNAs during the A. apis infection process was then analyzed, followed by an investigation of the regulatory roles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in the host response. In total, 76 sense lncRNAs, 836 antisense lncRNAs, 184 intron lncRNAs, 362 bidirectional lncRNAs, and 2181 intron lncRNAs were discovered in the larval guts. Additionally, 30 known and 9 novel lncRNAs were potential precursors for 36 and 11 miRNAs, respectively. In the three comparison groups, 386, 351, and 272 DElncRNAs were respectively identified, indicating the change in the overall expression pattern of host lncRNAs following the A. apis invasion. Analysis of cis-acting effect showed that DElncRNAs in the 4-, 5-, and 6-day-old comparison groups putatively regulated 55, 30, and 20 up- and down-stream genes, respectively, which were involved in a series of crucial functional terms and pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway, and cell process. Analysis showed that 31, 8, and 11 DElncRNAs as potential antisense lncRNAs may interact with 26, 8, and 9 sense-strand mRNAs. Moreover, investigation of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network indicated that 148, 283, and 257 DElncRNAs were putatively regulated. The expression of target genes by targeting corresponding DEmiRNAs included those associated with antioxidant enzymes and immune responses. These results suggested that DElncRNAs played a potential part in the larval guts responding to the A. apis infection through a cis-acting manner and ceRNA mechanisms. Our findings deepen our understanding of interactions between A. cerana larvae and A. apis and offer a basis for clarifying the DElncRNA-mediated mechanisms underlying the host response to fungal invasion. MDPI 2023-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10532054/ /pubmed/37762477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814175 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Guo, Rui Wang, Siyi Guo, Sijia Fan, Xiaoxue Zang, He Gao, Xuze Jing, Xin Liu, Zhitan Na, Zhihao Zou, Peiyuan Chen, Dafu Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion |
title | Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion |
title_full | Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion |
title_fullStr | Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion |
title_short | Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs Relevant to Antioxidant Enzymes and Immune Responses of Apis cerana Larvae Following Ascosphaera apis Invasion |
title_sort | regulatory roles of long non-coding rnas relevant to antioxidant enzymes and immune responses of apis cerana larvae following ascosphaera apis invasion |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10532054/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37762477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814175 |
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