Long-Term Exposure of Nitrogen Oxides Air Pollution (NO(2)) Impact for Coronary Artery Lesion Progression—Pilot Study

Background: The potentially harmful effects of air pollution on the human health have been already presented in epidemiological studies, suggesting a strong association with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible relationship between coronary artery lesion progression related to habitation place (cities vs. villages) and air pollution. Methods: There were 148 (101 men and 47 women) patients with a median age of 70 (63–74) years enrolled into retrospective analysis based on the coronary angiography results and their habitation place. Patients with stable coronary syndrome, who underwent repeated percutaneous coronary interventions were enrolled into the analysis based on demographical and clinical characteristics combined with annual exposure to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and NO(2)). Results: The results of multivariable regression analysis showed a significant relationship between coronary artery lesion progression requiring percutaneous intervention and NO(2) chronic exposure in patients living in cities of Poland (OR 2.00, 95% CI: 0.41–9.62, p < 0.001). The predictive value of air pollution exposure at habitation place for coronary artery lesion progression requiring percutaneous intervention was evaluated by receiver-operator curve analysis, which revealed an area under the curve of 0.939, yielding a sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 90.7%. Conclusions: Coronary artery lesion progression can be related to chronic exposure to NO(2) air pollution in patients living in cities in Poland.