Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Cross-Sections Due to Non-Uniformly Distributed Corrosion

Corrosion affecting reinforced concrete (RC) structures generates safety and economical problems. This paper is focused on the simulation of corrosion-induced fractures in concrete, whereby non-uniform corrosion growth is taken into account. In particular, the volumetric expansion of rust accumulated around reinforcement bars causes cracking of the surrounding concrete. This phenomenon is simulated using the finite element (FE) method. In the analyses, concrete is described as a fracturing material by using a damage–plasticity model, steel is assumed to be elastic–plastic and rust is modeled as an interface between concrete and steel. The behavior of corrosion products is simulated as interface opening. Two-dimensional FE models of RC cross-sections with 2, 4 or 6 reinforcing bars are considered. Crack formation and propagation is examined. Moreover, interactions between cracks and patterns of possible failure are predicted. The most developed and complex crack pattern occurs around the side reinforcing bar. Conclusions concerning the comparison of results for uniform and non-uniform corrosion distribution as well as the prediction of concrete spalling are formulated.