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Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4), to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186160 |
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author | Lejda, Katarzyna Ziąbka, Magdalena Olejniczak, Zbigniew Janik, Jerzy Franciszek |
author_facet | Lejda, Katarzyna Ziąbka, Magdalena Olejniczak, Zbigniew Janik, Jerzy Franciszek |
author_sort | Lejda, Katarzyna |
collection | PubMed |
description | The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4), to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large pool of the cubic and tetragonal polytypes of kesterite via a convenient mechanochemical synthesis route. The systems included the starting mixtures of (i) constituent elements (2Cu + Zn + Sn + 4S), (ii) selected metal sulfides and sulfur (Cu(2)S + ZnS + SnS + S), and (iii) in situ made copper alloys (from the high-energy ball milling of the metals 2Cu + Zn + Sn) and sulfur. All raw products were shown to be cubic kesterite nanopowders with defunct semiconductor properties. These nanopowders were converted to the tetragonal kesterite semiconductor by annealing at 500 °C under argon. All materials were exposed to the ambient air for 1, 3, and 6 months and were suitably analyzed after each of the stages. The characterization methods included powder XRD, FT-IR/UV-Vis/Raman/NMR spectroscopies, SEM, the determination of BET/BJH specific surface area and helium density (d(He)), and direct oxygen and hydrogen-content analyses. The results confirmed the progressive, relatively fast, and pronounced oxidation of all kesterite nanopowders towards, mainly, hydrated copper(II) and zinc(II) sulfates, and tin(IV) oxide. The time-related oxidation changes were reflected in the lowering of the energy band gap E(g) of the remaining tetragonal kesterite component. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10533042 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105330422023-09-28 Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method Lejda, Katarzyna Ziąbka, Magdalena Olejniczak, Zbigniew Janik, Jerzy Franciszek Materials (Basel) Article The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4), to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large pool of the cubic and tetragonal polytypes of kesterite via a convenient mechanochemical synthesis route. The systems included the starting mixtures of (i) constituent elements (2Cu + Zn + Sn + 4S), (ii) selected metal sulfides and sulfur (Cu(2)S + ZnS + SnS + S), and (iii) in situ made copper alloys (from the high-energy ball milling of the metals 2Cu + Zn + Sn) and sulfur. All raw products were shown to be cubic kesterite nanopowders with defunct semiconductor properties. These nanopowders were converted to the tetragonal kesterite semiconductor by annealing at 500 °C under argon. All materials were exposed to the ambient air for 1, 3, and 6 months and were suitably analyzed after each of the stages. The characterization methods included powder XRD, FT-IR/UV-Vis/Raman/NMR spectroscopies, SEM, the determination of BET/BJH specific surface area and helium density (d(He)), and direct oxygen and hydrogen-content analyses. The results confirmed the progressive, relatively fast, and pronounced oxidation of all kesterite nanopowders towards, mainly, hydrated copper(II) and zinc(II) sulfates, and tin(IV) oxide. The time-related oxidation changes were reflected in the lowering of the energy band gap E(g) of the remaining tetragonal kesterite component. MDPI 2023-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10533042/ /pubmed/37763438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186160 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lejda, Katarzyna Ziąbka, Magdalena Olejniczak, Zbigniew Janik, Jerzy Franciszek Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method |
title | Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method |
title_full | Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method |
title_fullStr | Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method |
title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method |
title_short | Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method |
title_sort | long-term oxidation susceptibility in ambient air of the semiconductor kesterite cu(2)znsns(4) nanopowders made by mechanochemical synthesis method |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186160 |
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