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Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method

The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4), to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large...

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Autores principales: Lejda, Katarzyna, Ziąbka, Magdalena, Olejniczak, Zbigniew, Janik, Jerzy Franciszek
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763438
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186160
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author Lejda, Katarzyna
Ziąbka, Magdalena
Olejniczak, Zbigniew
Janik, Jerzy Franciszek
author_facet Lejda, Katarzyna
Ziąbka, Magdalena
Olejniczak, Zbigniew
Janik, Jerzy Franciszek
author_sort Lejda, Katarzyna
collection PubMed
description The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4), to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large pool of the cubic and tetragonal polytypes of kesterite via a convenient mechanochemical synthesis route. The systems included the starting mixtures of (i) constituent elements (2Cu + Zn + Sn + 4S), (ii) selected metal sulfides and sulfur (Cu(2)S + ZnS + SnS + S), and (iii) in situ made copper alloys (from the high-energy ball milling of the metals 2Cu + Zn + Sn) and sulfur. All raw products were shown to be cubic kesterite nanopowders with defunct semiconductor properties. These nanopowders were converted to the tetragonal kesterite semiconductor by annealing at 500 °C under argon. All materials were exposed to the ambient air for 1, 3, and 6 months and were suitably analyzed after each of the stages. The characterization methods included powder XRD, FT-IR/UV-Vis/Raman/NMR spectroscopies, SEM, the determination of BET/BJH specific surface area and helium density (d(He)), and direct oxygen and hydrogen-content analyses. The results confirmed the progressive, relatively fast, and pronounced oxidation of all kesterite nanopowders towards, mainly, hydrated copper(II) and zinc(II) sulfates, and tin(IV) oxide. The time-related oxidation changes were reflected in the lowering of the energy band gap E(g) of the remaining tetragonal kesterite component.
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spelling pubmed-105330422023-09-28 Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method Lejda, Katarzyna Ziąbka, Magdalena Olejniczak, Zbigniew Janik, Jerzy Franciszek Materials (Basel) Article The often overlooked and annoying aspects of the propensity of no-oxygen semiconductor kesterite, Cu(2)ZnSnS(4), to oxidation during manipulation and storage in ambient air prompted the study on the prolonged exposure of kesterite nanopowders to air. Three precursor systems were used to make a large pool of the cubic and tetragonal polytypes of kesterite via a convenient mechanochemical synthesis route. The systems included the starting mixtures of (i) constituent elements (2Cu + Zn + Sn + 4S), (ii) selected metal sulfides and sulfur (Cu(2)S + ZnS + SnS + S), and (iii) in situ made copper alloys (from the high-energy ball milling of the metals 2Cu + Zn + Sn) and sulfur. All raw products were shown to be cubic kesterite nanopowders with defunct semiconductor properties. These nanopowders were converted to the tetragonal kesterite semiconductor by annealing at 500 °C under argon. All materials were exposed to the ambient air for 1, 3, and 6 months and were suitably analyzed after each of the stages. The characterization methods included powder XRD, FT-IR/UV-Vis/Raman/NMR spectroscopies, SEM, the determination of BET/BJH specific surface area and helium density (d(He)), and direct oxygen and hydrogen-content analyses. The results confirmed the progressive, relatively fast, and pronounced oxidation of all kesterite nanopowders towards, mainly, hydrated copper(II) and zinc(II) sulfates, and tin(IV) oxide. The time-related oxidation changes were reflected in the lowering of the energy band gap E(g) of the remaining tetragonal kesterite component. MDPI 2023-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10533042/ /pubmed/37763438 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186160 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lejda, Katarzyna
Ziąbka, Magdalena
Olejniczak, Zbigniew
Janik, Jerzy Franciszek
Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
title Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
title_full Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
title_fullStr Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
title_short Long-Term Oxidation Susceptibility in Ambient Air of the Semiconductor Kesterite Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) Nanopowders Made by Mechanochemical Synthesis Method
title_sort long-term oxidation susceptibility in ambient air of the semiconductor kesterite cu(2)znsns(4) nanopowders made by mechanochemical synthesis method
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763438
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186160
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