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The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index

Introduction: The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the manifestation of signs and symptoms that develop after the acute phase of COVID-19, which persist for a duration of more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any alternative diagnosis. It has been observed that indi...

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Autores principales: Falsetti, Lorenzo, Zaccone, Vincenzo, Santoro, Luca, Santini, Silvia, Guerrieri, Emanuele, Giuliani, Luca, Viticchi, Giovanna, Cataldi, Serena, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Landi, Francesco, Santoliquido, Angelo, Moroncini, Gianluca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763702
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091583
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author Falsetti, Lorenzo
Zaccone, Vincenzo
Santoro, Luca
Santini, Silvia
Guerrieri, Emanuele
Giuliani, Luca
Viticchi, Giovanna
Cataldi, Serena
Gasbarrini, Antonio
Landi, Francesco
Santoliquido, Angelo
Moroncini, Gianluca
author_facet Falsetti, Lorenzo
Zaccone, Vincenzo
Santoro, Luca
Santini, Silvia
Guerrieri, Emanuele
Giuliani, Luca
Viticchi, Giovanna
Cataldi, Serena
Gasbarrini, Antonio
Landi, Francesco
Santoliquido, Angelo
Moroncini, Gianluca
author_sort Falsetti, Lorenzo
collection PubMed
description Introduction: The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the manifestation of signs and symptoms that develop after the acute phase of COVID-19, which persist for a duration of more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any alternative diagnosis. It has been observed that individuals with pre-existing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, are at a greater risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a useful tool employed to evaluate the burden of comorbidities and predict the prognosis of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The present study aims to assess whether the burden of comorbidities, evaluated using the CCI, correlates with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Materials and Methods: Between 21 April 2020 and 15 May 2023, we enrolled all consecutive outpatients with previous COVID-19 admissions to a post-acute day-hospital service three months after a negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test. We assessed age, sex, BMI, acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 signs, and symptoms and calculated CCI according to its current definition. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was defined as the persistence of at least one sign or symptom lasting more than 12 weeks after COVID-19 resolution and not explained by an alternative diagnosis. The relationship between post-COVID-19 and CCI was explored first with the chi-squared test, then with different binary logistic regression models. We considered significant values of p lower than 0.05. Results: We obtained a cohort of 3636 patients and observed a significant association between the number of post-COVID-19 symptoms and CCI. Patients developing post-COVID-19 were more commonly affected by a greater burden of comorbidities. Patients with at least one CCI point had an increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome (OR:2.961; 95%CI: 2.269–3.863; p < 0.0001), which increased further for CCI ≥ 4 (OR:6.062; 95%CI: 3.163–11.618; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patients affected by post-COVID-19 show a greater clinical complexity and a larger burden of comorbidities, synthesized by a higher CCI; moreover, a higher CCI seems to correlate with an increasing post-COVID-19 risk, being the presence of ≥1 or ≥4 CCI points associated with a 3-fold and 6-fold increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome, respectively.
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spelling pubmed-105331752023-09-28 The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index Falsetti, Lorenzo Zaccone, Vincenzo Santoro, Luca Santini, Silvia Guerrieri, Emanuele Giuliani, Luca Viticchi, Giovanna Cataldi, Serena Gasbarrini, Antonio Landi, Francesco Santoliquido, Angelo Moroncini, Gianluca Medicina (Kaunas) Article Introduction: The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the manifestation of signs and symptoms that develop after the acute phase of COVID-19, which persist for a duration of more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any alternative diagnosis. It has been observed that individuals with pre-existing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, are at a greater risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a useful tool employed to evaluate the burden of comorbidities and predict the prognosis of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The present study aims to assess whether the burden of comorbidities, evaluated using the CCI, correlates with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Materials and Methods: Between 21 April 2020 and 15 May 2023, we enrolled all consecutive outpatients with previous COVID-19 admissions to a post-acute day-hospital service three months after a negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test. We assessed age, sex, BMI, acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 signs, and symptoms and calculated CCI according to its current definition. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was defined as the persistence of at least one sign or symptom lasting more than 12 weeks after COVID-19 resolution and not explained by an alternative diagnosis. The relationship between post-COVID-19 and CCI was explored first with the chi-squared test, then with different binary logistic regression models. We considered significant values of p lower than 0.05. Results: We obtained a cohort of 3636 patients and observed a significant association between the number of post-COVID-19 symptoms and CCI. Patients developing post-COVID-19 were more commonly affected by a greater burden of comorbidities. Patients with at least one CCI point had an increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome (OR:2.961; 95%CI: 2.269–3.863; p < 0.0001), which increased further for CCI ≥ 4 (OR:6.062; 95%CI: 3.163–11.618; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patients affected by post-COVID-19 show a greater clinical complexity and a larger burden of comorbidities, synthesized by a higher CCI; moreover, a higher CCI seems to correlate with an increasing post-COVID-19 risk, being the presence of ≥1 or ≥4 CCI points associated with a 3-fold and 6-fold increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome, respectively. MDPI 2023-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10533175/ /pubmed/37763702 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091583 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Falsetti, Lorenzo
Zaccone, Vincenzo
Santoro, Luca
Santini, Silvia
Guerrieri, Emanuele
Giuliani, Luca
Viticchi, Giovanna
Cataldi, Serena
Gasbarrini, Antonio
Landi, Francesco
Santoliquido, Angelo
Moroncini, Gianluca
The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
title The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
title_full The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
title_fullStr The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
title_full_unstemmed The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
title_short The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
title_sort relationship between post-covid syndrome and the burden of comorbidities assessed using the charlson comorbidity index
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37763702
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091583
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