Cargando…
Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
Poisoning and overdose are very important aspects in medicine and toxicology. Chemical weapons pose a threat to civilians, and emergency medicine principles must be followed when dealing with patients who have been poisoned or overdosed. Antidotes have been used for centuries and modern research has...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090723 |
_version_ | 1785112403097157632 |
---|---|
author | Kobylarz, Damian Noga, Maciej Frydrych, Adrian Milan, Justyna Morawiec, Adrian Glaca, Agata Kucab, Emilia Jastrzębska, Julia Jabłońska, Karolina Łuc, Klaudia Zdeb, Gabriela Pasierb, Jakub Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna Półchłopek, Szczepan Słoma, Paweł Adamik, Magdalena Banasik, Mateusz Bartoszek, Mateusz Adamczyk, Aleksandra Rędziniak, Patrycja Frączkiewicz, Paulina Orczyk, Michał Orzechowska, Martyna Tajchman, Paulina Dziuba, Klaudia Pelczar, Rafał Zima, Sabina Nyankovska, Yana Sowińska, Marta Pempuś, Wiktoria Kubacka, Maria Popielska, Julia Brzezicki, Patryk Jurowski, Kamil |
author_facet | Kobylarz, Damian Noga, Maciej Frydrych, Adrian Milan, Justyna Morawiec, Adrian Glaca, Agata Kucab, Emilia Jastrzębska, Julia Jabłońska, Karolina Łuc, Klaudia Zdeb, Gabriela Pasierb, Jakub Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna Półchłopek, Szczepan Słoma, Paweł Adamik, Magdalena Banasik, Mateusz Bartoszek, Mateusz Adamczyk, Aleksandra Rędziniak, Patrycja Frączkiewicz, Paulina Orczyk, Michał Orzechowska, Martyna Tajchman, Paulina Dziuba, Klaudia Pelczar, Rafał Zima, Sabina Nyankovska, Yana Sowińska, Marta Pempuś, Wiktoria Kubacka, Maria Popielska, Julia Brzezicki, Patryk Jurowski, Kamil |
author_sort | Kobylarz, Damian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Poisoning and overdose are very important aspects in medicine and toxicology. Chemical weapons pose a threat to civilians, and emergency medicine principles must be followed when dealing with patients who have been poisoned or overdosed. Antidotes have been used for centuries and modern research has led to the development of new antidotes that can accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body. Although some antidotes have become less relevant due to modern intensive care techniques, they can still save lives or reduce the severity of toxicity. The availability of antidotes is crucial, especially in developing countries where intensive care facilities may be limited. This article aims to provide information on specific antidotes, their recommended uses, and potential risks and new uses. In the case of poisoning, supportive therapies are most often used; however, in many cases, the administration of an appropriate antidote saves the patient’s life. In this review, we reviewed the literature on selected antidotes used in the treatment of poisonings. We also characterised the antidotes (bio)chemically. We described the cases in which they are used together with the dosage recommendations. We also analysed the mechanisms of action. In addition, we described alternative methods of using a given substance as a drug, an example of which is N-acetylcysteine, which can be used in the treatment of COVID-19. This article was written as part of the implementation of the project of the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, “Toxicovigilance, poisoning prevention, and first aid in poisoning with xenobiotics of current clinical importance in Poland”, grant number SKN/SP/570184/2023. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10534475 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105344752023-09-29 Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review Kobylarz, Damian Noga, Maciej Frydrych, Adrian Milan, Justyna Morawiec, Adrian Glaca, Agata Kucab, Emilia Jastrzębska, Julia Jabłońska, Karolina Łuc, Klaudia Zdeb, Gabriela Pasierb, Jakub Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna Półchłopek, Szczepan Słoma, Paweł Adamik, Magdalena Banasik, Mateusz Bartoszek, Mateusz Adamczyk, Aleksandra Rędziniak, Patrycja Frączkiewicz, Paulina Orczyk, Michał Orzechowska, Martyna Tajchman, Paulina Dziuba, Klaudia Pelczar, Rafał Zima, Sabina Nyankovska, Yana Sowińska, Marta Pempuś, Wiktoria Kubacka, Maria Popielska, Julia Brzezicki, Patryk Jurowski, Kamil Toxics Review Poisoning and overdose are very important aspects in medicine and toxicology. Chemical weapons pose a threat to civilians, and emergency medicine principles must be followed when dealing with patients who have been poisoned or overdosed. Antidotes have been used for centuries and modern research has led to the development of new antidotes that can accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body. Although some antidotes have become less relevant due to modern intensive care techniques, they can still save lives or reduce the severity of toxicity. The availability of antidotes is crucial, especially in developing countries where intensive care facilities may be limited. This article aims to provide information on specific antidotes, their recommended uses, and potential risks and new uses. In the case of poisoning, supportive therapies are most often used; however, in many cases, the administration of an appropriate antidote saves the patient’s life. In this review, we reviewed the literature on selected antidotes used in the treatment of poisonings. We also characterised the antidotes (bio)chemically. We described the cases in which they are used together with the dosage recommendations. We also analysed the mechanisms of action. In addition, we described alternative methods of using a given substance as a drug, an example of which is N-acetylcysteine, which can be used in the treatment of COVID-19. This article was written as part of the implementation of the project of the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, “Toxicovigilance, poisoning prevention, and first aid in poisoning with xenobiotics of current clinical importance in Poland”, grant number SKN/SP/570184/2023. MDPI 2023-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10534475/ /pubmed/37755734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090723 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kobylarz, Damian Noga, Maciej Frydrych, Adrian Milan, Justyna Morawiec, Adrian Glaca, Agata Kucab, Emilia Jastrzębska, Julia Jabłońska, Karolina Łuc, Klaudia Zdeb, Gabriela Pasierb, Jakub Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna Półchłopek, Szczepan Słoma, Paweł Adamik, Magdalena Banasik, Mateusz Bartoszek, Mateusz Adamczyk, Aleksandra Rędziniak, Patrycja Frączkiewicz, Paulina Orczyk, Michał Orzechowska, Martyna Tajchman, Paulina Dziuba, Klaudia Pelczar, Rafał Zima, Sabina Nyankovska, Yana Sowińska, Marta Pempuś, Wiktoria Kubacka, Maria Popielska, Julia Brzezicki, Patryk Jurowski, Kamil Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review |
title | Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review |
title_full | Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review |
title_fullStr | Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review |
title_short | Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review |
title_sort | antidotes in clinical toxicology—critical review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090723 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kobylarzdamian antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT nogamaciej antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT frydrychadrian antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT milanjustyna antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT morawiecadrian antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT glacaagata antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT kucabemilia antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT jastrzebskajulia antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT jabłonskakarolina antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT łucklaudia antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT zdebgabriela antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT pasierbjakub antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT toporowskakazmierakjoanna antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT połchłopekszczepan antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT słomapaweł antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT adamikmagdalena antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT banasikmateusz antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT bartoszekmateusz antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT adamczykaleksandra antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT redziniakpatrycja antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT fraczkiewiczpaulina antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT orczykmichał antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT orzechowskamartyna antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT tajchmanpaulina antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT dziubaklaudia antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT pelczarrafał antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT zimasabina antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT nyankovskayana antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT sowinskamarta antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT pempuswiktoria antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT kubackamaria antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT popielskajulia antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT brzezickipatryk antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview AT jurowskikamil antidotesinclinicaltoxicologycriticalreview |