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Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review

Poisoning and overdose are very important aspects in medicine and toxicology. Chemical weapons pose a threat to civilians, and emergency medicine principles must be followed when dealing with patients who have been poisoned or overdosed. Antidotes have been used for centuries and modern research has...

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Autores principales: Kobylarz, Damian, Noga, Maciej, Frydrych, Adrian, Milan, Justyna, Morawiec, Adrian, Glaca, Agata, Kucab, Emilia, Jastrzębska, Julia, Jabłońska, Karolina, Łuc, Klaudia, Zdeb, Gabriela, Pasierb, Jakub, Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna, Półchłopek, Szczepan, Słoma, Paweł, Adamik, Magdalena, Banasik, Mateusz, Bartoszek, Mateusz, Adamczyk, Aleksandra, Rędziniak, Patrycja, Frączkiewicz, Paulina, Orczyk, Michał, Orzechowska, Martyna, Tajchman, Paulina, Dziuba, Klaudia, Pelczar, Rafał, Zima, Sabina, Nyankovska, Yana, Sowińska, Marta, Pempuś, Wiktoria, Kubacka, Maria, Popielska, Julia, Brzezicki, Patryk, Jurowski, Kamil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090723
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author Kobylarz, Damian
Noga, Maciej
Frydrych, Adrian
Milan, Justyna
Morawiec, Adrian
Glaca, Agata
Kucab, Emilia
Jastrzębska, Julia
Jabłońska, Karolina
Łuc, Klaudia
Zdeb, Gabriela
Pasierb, Jakub
Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna
Półchłopek, Szczepan
Słoma, Paweł
Adamik, Magdalena
Banasik, Mateusz
Bartoszek, Mateusz
Adamczyk, Aleksandra
Rędziniak, Patrycja
Frączkiewicz, Paulina
Orczyk, Michał
Orzechowska, Martyna
Tajchman, Paulina
Dziuba, Klaudia
Pelczar, Rafał
Zima, Sabina
Nyankovska, Yana
Sowińska, Marta
Pempuś, Wiktoria
Kubacka, Maria
Popielska, Julia
Brzezicki, Patryk
Jurowski, Kamil
author_facet Kobylarz, Damian
Noga, Maciej
Frydrych, Adrian
Milan, Justyna
Morawiec, Adrian
Glaca, Agata
Kucab, Emilia
Jastrzębska, Julia
Jabłońska, Karolina
Łuc, Klaudia
Zdeb, Gabriela
Pasierb, Jakub
Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna
Półchłopek, Szczepan
Słoma, Paweł
Adamik, Magdalena
Banasik, Mateusz
Bartoszek, Mateusz
Adamczyk, Aleksandra
Rędziniak, Patrycja
Frączkiewicz, Paulina
Orczyk, Michał
Orzechowska, Martyna
Tajchman, Paulina
Dziuba, Klaudia
Pelczar, Rafał
Zima, Sabina
Nyankovska, Yana
Sowińska, Marta
Pempuś, Wiktoria
Kubacka, Maria
Popielska, Julia
Brzezicki, Patryk
Jurowski, Kamil
author_sort Kobylarz, Damian
collection PubMed
description Poisoning and overdose are very important aspects in medicine and toxicology. Chemical weapons pose a threat to civilians, and emergency medicine principles must be followed when dealing with patients who have been poisoned or overdosed. Antidotes have been used for centuries and modern research has led to the development of new antidotes that can accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body. Although some antidotes have become less relevant due to modern intensive care techniques, they can still save lives or reduce the severity of toxicity. The availability of antidotes is crucial, especially in developing countries where intensive care facilities may be limited. This article aims to provide information on specific antidotes, their recommended uses, and potential risks and new uses. In the case of poisoning, supportive therapies are most often used; however, in many cases, the administration of an appropriate antidote saves the patient’s life. In this review, we reviewed the literature on selected antidotes used in the treatment of poisonings. We also characterised the antidotes (bio)chemically. We described the cases in which they are used together with the dosage recommendations. We also analysed the mechanisms of action. In addition, we described alternative methods of using a given substance as a drug, an example of which is N-acetylcysteine, which can be used in the treatment of COVID-19. This article was written as part of the implementation of the project of the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, “Toxicovigilance, poisoning prevention, and first aid in poisoning with xenobiotics of current clinical importance in Poland”, grant number SKN/SP/570184/2023.
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spelling pubmed-105344752023-09-29 Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review Kobylarz, Damian Noga, Maciej Frydrych, Adrian Milan, Justyna Morawiec, Adrian Glaca, Agata Kucab, Emilia Jastrzębska, Julia Jabłońska, Karolina Łuc, Klaudia Zdeb, Gabriela Pasierb, Jakub Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna Półchłopek, Szczepan Słoma, Paweł Adamik, Magdalena Banasik, Mateusz Bartoszek, Mateusz Adamczyk, Aleksandra Rędziniak, Patrycja Frączkiewicz, Paulina Orczyk, Michał Orzechowska, Martyna Tajchman, Paulina Dziuba, Klaudia Pelczar, Rafał Zima, Sabina Nyankovska, Yana Sowińska, Marta Pempuś, Wiktoria Kubacka, Maria Popielska, Julia Brzezicki, Patryk Jurowski, Kamil Toxics Review Poisoning and overdose are very important aspects in medicine and toxicology. Chemical weapons pose a threat to civilians, and emergency medicine principles must be followed when dealing with patients who have been poisoned or overdosed. Antidotes have been used for centuries and modern research has led to the development of new antidotes that can accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body. Although some antidotes have become less relevant due to modern intensive care techniques, they can still save lives or reduce the severity of toxicity. The availability of antidotes is crucial, especially in developing countries where intensive care facilities may be limited. This article aims to provide information on specific antidotes, their recommended uses, and potential risks and new uses. In the case of poisoning, supportive therapies are most often used; however, in many cases, the administration of an appropriate antidote saves the patient’s life. In this review, we reviewed the literature on selected antidotes used in the treatment of poisonings. We also characterised the antidotes (bio)chemically. We described the cases in which they are used together with the dosage recommendations. We also analysed the mechanisms of action. In addition, we described alternative methods of using a given substance as a drug, an example of which is N-acetylcysteine, which can be used in the treatment of COVID-19. This article was written as part of the implementation of the project of the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, “Toxicovigilance, poisoning prevention, and first aid in poisoning with xenobiotics of current clinical importance in Poland”, grant number SKN/SP/570184/2023. MDPI 2023-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10534475/ /pubmed/37755734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090723 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kobylarz, Damian
Noga, Maciej
Frydrych, Adrian
Milan, Justyna
Morawiec, Adrian
Glaca, Agata
Kucab, Emilia
Jastrzębska, Julia
Jabłońska, Karolina
Łuc, Klaudia
Zdeb, Gabriela
Pasierb, Jakub
Toporowska-Kaźmierak, Joanna
Półchłopek, Szczepan
Słoma, Paweł
Adamik, Magdalena
Banasik, Mateusz
Bartoszek, Mateusz
Adamczyk, Aleksandra
Rędziniak, Patrycja
Frączkiewicz, Paulina
Orczyk, Michał
Orzechowska, Martyna
Tajchman, Paulina
Dziuba, Klaudia
Pelczar, Rafał
Zima, Sabina
Nyankovska, Yana
Sowińska, Marta
Pempuś, Wiktoria
Kubacka, Maria
Popielska, Julia
Brzezicki, Patryk
Jurowski, Kamil
Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
title Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
title_full Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
title_fullStr Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
title_full_unstemmed Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
title_short Antidotes in Clinical Toxicology—Critical Review
title_sort antidotes in clinical toxicology—critical review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090723
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