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Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS), a Gram-positive coccal bacterium, poses a significant global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its manifestations can range from pharyngitis and skin infection to severe and aggressive diseases, such as necrotizing fa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534548/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37766186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091510 |
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author | Wang, Jiachao Ma, Cuiqing Li, Miao Gao, Xue Wu, Hao Dong, Wenbin Wei, Lin |
author_facet | Wang, Jiachao Ma, Cuiqing Li, Miao Gao, Xue Wu, Hao Dong, Wenbin Wei, Lin |
author_sort | Wang, Jiachao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS), a Gram-positive coccal bacterium, poses a significant global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its manifestations can range from pharyngitis and skin infection to severe and aggressive diseases, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. At present, although GAS is still sensitive to penicillin, there are cases of treatment failure for GAS pharyngitis, and antibiotic therapy does not universally prevent subsequent disease. In addition to strengthening global molecular epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance, developing a safe and effective licensed vaccine against GAS would be the most effective way to broadly address GAS-related diseases. Over the past decades, the development of GAS vaccines has been stalled, mainly because of the wide genetic heterogeneity of GAS and the diverse autoimmune responses to GAS. With outbreaks of scarlet fever in various countries in recent years, accelerating the development of a safe and effective vaccine remains a high priority. When developing a GAS vaccine, many factors need to be considered, including the selection of antigen epitopes, avoidance of self-response, and vaccine coverage. Given the challenges in GAS vaccine development, this review describes the important virulence factors that induce disease by GAS infection and how this has influenced the progression of vaccine development efforts, focusing on several candidate vaccines that are further along in development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10534548 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105345482023-09-29 Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines Wang, Jiachao Ma, Cuiqing Li, Miao Gao, Xue Wu, Hao Dong, Wenbin Wei, Lin Vaccines (Basel) Review Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS), a Gram-positive coccal bacterium, poses a significant global disease burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its manifestations can range from pharyngitis and skin infection to severe and aggressive diseases, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. At present, although GAS is still sensitive to penicillin, there are cases of treatment failure for GAS pharyngitis, and antibiotic therapy does not universally prevent subsequent disease. In addition to strengthening global molecular epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance, developing a safe and effective licensed vaccine against GAS would be the most effective way to broadly address GAS-related diseases. Over the past decades, the development of GAS vaccines has been stalled, mainly because of the wide genetic heterogeneity of GAS and the diverse autoimmune responses to GAS. With outbreaks of scarlet fever in various countries in recent years, accelerating the development of a safe and effective vaccine remains a high priority. When developing a GAS vaccine, many factors need to be considered, including the selection of antigen epitopes, avoidance of self-response, and vaccine coverage. Given the challenges in GAS vaccine development, this review describes the important virulence factors that induce disease by GAS infection and how this has influenced the progression of vaccine development efforts, focusing on several candidate vaccines that are further along in development. MDPI 2023-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10534548/ /pubmed/37766186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091510 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wang, Jiachao Ma, Cuiqing Li, Miao Gao, Xue Wu, Hao Dong, Wenbin Wei, Lin Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines |
title | Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines |
title_full | Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines |
title_fullStr | Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines |
title_full_unstemmed | Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines |
title_short | Streptococcus pyogenes: Pathogenesis and the Current Status of Vaccines |
title_sort | streptococcus pyogenes: pathogenesis and the current status of vaccines |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534548/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37766186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091510 |
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