Review of Environmental and Health Factors Impacting Captive Common Marmoset Welfare in the Biomedical Research Setting

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are a small neotropical species of nonhuman primate that are commonly kept in captivity in zoological and biomedical research settings. The use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research has been critical to many advances that have allowed for the treatment of human diseases. The use of marmosets in research has increased in recent years. While there are some publications that describe best practices for their care and use in biomedical research settings, there is a need to develop additional reference guidelines. This manuscript reviews and summarizes publications related to the unique needs of marmosets kept in biomedical research settings and provides a comprehensive review of factors that should be considered by all staff working with these animals in order to promote optimal health and research use. This manuscript also highlights environmental and other factors that may impact marmoset welfare and provides recommendations on how best to plan for, care for, and work with marmosets in a biomedical research setting. ABSTRACT: As a small-bodied neotropical nonhuman primate species, common marmosets have unique requirements for adequate husbandry and veterinary care to ensure proper maintenance and to promote good animal welfare in a biomedical research setting. Environmental conditions, as well as medical and research-related manipulations, can impact marmoset welfare. Research focus areas, including basic neuroscience, transgenics, and aging, involve additional implications for marmoset welfare. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of factors that should be considered and mitigated as needed by clinical and research staff working with marmosets in biomedical research facilities to optimize the welfare of captive marmosets.