Conservation and Global Distribution of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Germplasm for Agricultural Sustainability

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is recognized globally as a crucial vegetable crop, prized not only for its culinary applications but also for its numerous health-promoting properties. With climate change relentlessly exerting mounting challenges to agriculture, the preservation and deployment of onion germplasm has become critical to ensuring sustainable agriculture and safeguarding food security. Global onion germplasm collections function as repositories of genetic diversity, holding within them an extensive array of valuable traits or genes. These can be harnessed to develop varieties resilient to climate adversities. Therefore, detailed information concerning onion germplasm collections from various geographical regions can bolster their utility. Furthermore, an amplified understanding of the importance of fostering international and inter-institutional collaborations becomes essential. Sharing and making use of onion genetic resources can provide viable solutions to the looming agricultural challenges of the future. In this review, we have discussed the preservation and worldwide distribution of onion germplasm, along with its implications for agricultural sustainability. We have also underscored the importance of international and interinstitutional collaboration in onion germplasm collecting and conservation for agricultural sustainability.