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The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body

In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. These concerns include cardiovascular problems, nervous system disorders, and the potential fo...

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Autores principales: Costantino, Andrea, Maiese, Aniello, Lazzari, Julia, Casula, Chiara, Turillazzi, Emanuela, Frati, Paola, Fineschi, Vittorio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15183922
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author Costantino, Andrea
Maiese, Aniello
Lazzari, Julia
Casula, Chiara
Turillazzi, Emanuela
Frati, Paola
Fineschi, Vittorio
author_facet Costantino, Andrea
Maiese, Aniello
Lazzari, Julia
Casula, Chiara
Turillazzi, Emanuela
Frati, Paola
Fineschi, Vittorio
author_sort Costantino, Andrea
collection PubMed
description In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. These concerns include cardiovascular problems, nervous system disorders, and the potential for addiction. This review aims to examine the reported effects of acute or chronic abuse of energy drinks on human health. The analysis shows a significant prevalence of adverse effects, particularly on the cardiovascular and neurovegetative systems. In particular, the analysis identified nine cases of cardiac arrest, three of which were fatal. The aetiology of these adverse effects is attributed to the inherent neurostimulant properties of these beverages, of which caffeine is the predominant component. A comparison of documented effects in humans with experimental studies in animal models showed an overlap in results. This review highlights the need for greater rigour in the assessment of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young people, as legal substances such as energy drinks may be involved. We propose stricter limits on the consumption of these beverages than for caffeine, based on the evidence found and the data in the literature. This review also calls for the establishment of regulations governing the consumption of these products in view of their potential impact on human health.
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spelling pubmed-105355262023-09-29 The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body Costantino, Andrea Maiese, Aniello Lazzari, Julia Casula, Chiara Turillazzi, Emanuela Frati, Paola Fineschi, Vittorio Nutrients Systematic Review In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. These concerns include cardiovascular problems, nervous system disorders, and the potential for addiction. This review aims to examine the reported effects of acute or chronic abuse of energy drinks on human health. The analysis shows a significant prevalence of adverse effects, particularly on the cardiovascular and neurovegetative systems. In particular, the analysis identified nine cases of cardiac arrest, three of which were fatal. The aetiology of these adverse effects is attributed to the inherent neurostimulant properties of these beverages, of which caffeine is the predominant component. A comparison of documented effects in humans with experimental studies in animal models showed an overlap in results. This review highlights the need for greater rigour in the assessment of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young people, as legal substances such as energy drinks may be involved. We propose stricter limits on the consumption of these beverages than for caffeine, based on the evidence found and the data in the literature. This review also calls for the establishment of regulations governing the consumption of these products in view of their potential impact on human health. MDPI 2023-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10535526/ /pubmed/37764707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15183922 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Costantino, Andrea
Maiese, Aniello
Lazzari, Julia
Casula, Chiara
Turillazzi, Emanuela
Frati, Paola
Fineschi, Vittorio
The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body
title The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body
title_full The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body
title_fullStr The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body
title_full_unstemmed The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body
title_short The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body
title_sort dark side of energy drinks: a comprehensive review of their impact on the human body
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15183922
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