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Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water

Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highl...

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Autores principales: Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood, Naseef, Hani A, Karaman, Donia, Bufo, Sabino A., Scrano, Laura, Karaman, Rafik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37756009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090582
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author Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood
Naseef, Hani A
Karaman, Donia
Bufo, Sabino A.
Scrano, Laura
Karaman, Rafik
author_facet Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood
Naseef, Hani A
Karaman, Donia
Bufo, Sabino A.
Scrano, Laura
Karaman, Rafik
author_sort Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood
collection PubMed
description Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highlights the properties of 25 toxin types produced by 12 different cyanobacteria genera. The review also covered strategies for reducing and controlling cyanobacteria issues. These include using physical or chemical treatments, cutting back on fertilizer input, algal lawn scrubbers, and antagonistic microorganisms for biocontrol. Micro-, nano- and ultrafiltration techniques could be used for the removal of internal and extracellular cyanotoxins, in addition to powdered or granular activated carbon, ozonation, sedimentation, ultraviolet radiation, potassium permanganate, free chlorine, and pre-treatment oxidation techniques. The efficiency of treatment techniques for removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins is also demonstrated. These approaches aim to lessen the risks of cyanobacterial blooms and associated toxins. Effective management of cyanobacteria in water systems depends on early detection and quick action. Cyanobacteria cells and their toxins can be detected using microscopy, molecular methods, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Understanding the causes of blooms and the many ways for their detection and elimination will help the management of this crucial environmental issue.
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spelling pubmed-105355322023-09-29 Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood Naseef, Hani A Karaman, Donia Bufo, Sabino A. Scrano, Laura Karaman, Rafik Toxins (Basel) Review Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highlights the properties of 25 toxin types produced by 12 different cyanobacteria genera. The review also covered strategies for reducing and controlling cyanobacteria issues. These include using physical or chemical treatments, cutting back on fertilizer input, algal lawn scrubbers, and antagonistic microorganisms for biocontrol. Micro-, nano- and ultrafiltration techniques could be used for the removal of internal and extracellular cyanotoxins, in addition to powdered or granular activated carbon, ozonation, sedimentation, ultraviolet radiation, potassium permanganate, free chlorine, and pre-treatment oxidation techniques. The efficiency of treatment techniques for removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins is also demonstrated. These approaches aim to lessen the risks of cyanobacterial blooms and associated toxins. Effective management of cyanobacteria in water systems depends on early detection and quick action. Cyanobacteria cells and their toxins can be detected using microscopy, molecular methods, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Understanding the causes of blooms and the many ways for their detection and elimination will help the management of this crucial environmental issue. MDPI 2023-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10535532/ /pubmed/37756009 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090582 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood
Naseef, Hani A
Karaman, Donia
Bufo, Sabino A.
Scrano, Laura
Karaman, Rafik
Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water
title Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water
title_full Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water
title_fullStr Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water
title_short Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water
title_sort understanding the risks of diffusion of cyanobacteria toxins in rivers, lakes, and potable water
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37756009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090582
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