Study of Tunable Dielectric Permittivity of PBDB-T-2CL Polymer in Ternary Organic Blend Thin Films Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

The ellipsometric analyses reported in this paper present a novelty by bringing an in-depth optical investigation of some ternary organic blends. This study focuses on the tunability and control of the relative permittivity of active layers by varying the weight ratio of blended materials spin-coated as thin films. To investigate this, an extensive approach based on spectroscopic ellipsometry was conducted on ternary blend (D:A(1):A(2)) thin films, involving a donor [D = chlorinated conjugated polymer (PBDB-T-2Cl)] and two acceptor materials [A(1) = a non-fullerene (ITIC-F) and A(2) = a fullerene (PCBM)]. The refractive index constitutes a key parameter that exposes insights into the feasibility of photovoltaic cells by predicting the trajectory of light as it transits the device. In this term, higher obtained refractive indexes support higher absorption coefficients. Notably, the dielectric constant can be rigorously tuned and finely calibrated by modest variations in the quantity of the third element, resulting in considerable modifications. Moreover, the inclusion of fullerene in blends, as the third element, results in a smooth topographical profile, further refining the surface of the film. From an electrical point of view, the ternary blends outperform the polymer thin films. The synergistic interaction of constituents emphasizes their potential to enhance solar conversion devices.